Case Study Real Choices at KFC Essay

Contextual investigation Real Choices at KFC (page 243) Would you be able to envision eating a sandwich with no bread? From the outset I thought that it was somewhat odd yet generally speaking it might be an interesting point in your future eating routine. Next time you are remaining in the pastry kitchen office settling on what portion of bread to purchase, flip the portion over and read the nourishing data. You might be shocked of what you are really eating. My better half does a ton of shopping for food so I needed to see precisely what she has been having me eat. Four times each day without the slightest hesitation I eat a nutty spread and nectar sandwich for breakfast and meal hamburger and cheddar for lunch. My discoveries from Nature’s Own 100% entire grain are that each cut contains 70 calories and 0 calories from fat. I surmise that’s not all that terrible considering you must have two bits of bread for something to be viewed as a sandwich right? Well the discussion authoritatively started in 2010 when Kentucky Frie d Chicken (as known as KFC) acquainted their â€Å"Double Down† with be an extra thing to the menu. KFC advanced the new thing in its notices expressing that there is â€Å"so much 100% premium chicken, that they didn’t have space for a bun† The sandwich is an endeavor to develop income in a serious business in a general public where each carbohydrate levels. The United States has the biggest cheap food advertise on the planet and it keeps on propelling day by day while keeping their present clients cheerful alongside attempting to select new business. KFC started in a corner store in North Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression. The achievement of the eating foundation unique called Sanders Court and Cafã © prompted development and renaming of what we know it today as Kentucky Fried Chicken. In 1952 the first KFC opened in South Salt Lake Utah, and extended in Canada in the mid 1960’s. Since this time KFC has changed possession a few times and today the brand is claimed by Yum Brands and is situated in Louisville, Kentucky. There are more than 14,000 KFC eateries in excess of 80 nations around the globe, serving 12 million clients every day. As indicated by KFC.com, the Double Down, â€Å"features two thick and delicious boneless white meat chicken filets (unique formula or flame broiled), two bits of bacon, two liquefied cuts of Monterey Jack and pepper cheddar, and the Colonels Sauce.† Although it was at first offered on a constrained time premise, KFC choose to add the thing to its menu forever. The company’s change obviously was identified with the string deals driven to a limited extent by individuals eating the sandwich on YouTube and well known TV personality Stephen Colbert expending one on The Colbert Report TV appear. KFC reports that the dispatch is one of their best ever. From a dietary point of view, the Double Down is 540 calories, 32 grams of fat, and 1380 milligrams of sodium. The flame broiled form is 460 calories, 23 grams of fat, and 1430 milligrams of sodium. The degree of sodium in the sandwich is drawing a lot of worry from clients and wellbeing associations. To place these numbers into point of view each twelve hundred milligrams is equivalent to  ½ teaspoon of salt. Numerous pundits are addressing why KFC presented this as an alternative highly involved with building its image picture as a drive-through eatery offering more beneficial menu decisions. The cheap food retail advertise is in steady condition of rivalry. The issue for the organization is how to engage both the solid market and the liberal market? Numerous clients incline toward solid decisions when thinking about cheap food; anyway there are various clients who discover the intrigue of fat, salt, and handled starches essentially powerful. The general issue of weight is prompting significant medical issues become headline news. The decision of menu things must prompt long haul benefits and serious market bit of leeway and KFC should figure out how to adjust both. 1.What i s the choice confronting KFC? The choice confronting KFC is how to speak to both the sound market and to the not all that solid market? I think first of all they could have renamed the sandwich as it so happens. At the point when I hear the words Double Down at a drive-through eatery, it is extremely unlikely it can’t be beneficial for you, however of course perhaps that’s why it was such a gigantic achievement. I take it increasingly like twofold your weight and your pulse eases back down while eating the sandwich. I think in the event that they had utilized another name it might have caused better to notice wellbeing associations and to the solid market. My recommendation are Twice is Nice, Two is better. Unadulterated Chicken, or the Real Deal perhaps something additionally engaging the sound shoppers. 2.What elements are significant in understanding their choice circumstance? Probably the most significant factors in this choice confronting KFC is to initially acknowledge what customers truly need to eat and afterward even what it looks like and sounds to others that might be wavering of attempting the sandwich. They state you judge something inside 7 seconds of seeing it whether it is going in your mouth or in some other methods forever. I for one think dinners like this one isn't a possibility for most purchasers inâ today’s serious market while hungry when others have significantly more to offer and more beneficial. 3.What choice do you suggest? In today’s condition I for one think the thought was there with the chicken, which is one of the least expensive and most beneficial things to eat. I figure this alternative would pull in more purchasers on the off chance that it was on a wrap or tortilla and littler bits as opposed to grasping two bits of chicken while drinking a major swallow to wash down the salt. 4.Conclusion To summarize it inexpensive food is progressing rivalry to lure purchasers of all business sectors to purchase their item at whatever point and any place. I trust you have taken in something from me and my case and whenever you request a sandwich will it be without bread. Despite what I think or what others may things being what they are, okay request one of these sandwiches, on the off chance that you haven’t as of now reveled into the tastiness? To be straightforward I never at any point known about it? Would you be able to thought of whatever other thoughts that may assist KFC to alluring the more beneficial market of purchasers? Do you feel sandwiches like the â€Å"Double Down† is the future for cheap food chains?

Challenges of International Apparel Brands in Penetrating China Essay

Difficulties of International Apparel Brands in Penetrating China - Essay Example This paper further accentuates on the investigation of Chinese culture and its effect on the consumers’ inclinations. China as a developing economy is viewed as the possibility for the remote brands to investigate the nation. China is supposed to be the place where there is fresh chances to succeed and to dissect its actual nature the paper has concentrated on the ramifications of Chinese culture and what universal brands requires to be a piece of the Chinese business advertise. Why china is a significant market? By what method would china be able to assist universal brands with extending their piece of the pie? These inquiries have likewise been the purpose of conversation in the paper. It can likewise be seen that China however offers opportunity, yet for any outside brand to venture into China would require an examination on the Chinese shoppers conduct. Buyer look into dependent on the standard of conduct can cause the global brands to comprehend the market in a superior m anner to execute the correct technique. An exhaustive research dependent on the examination of information assortment and different strategies can assume a critical job in understanding the genuine idea of purchaser conduct in setting to the Chinese culture (Hoyer and Macinnis, 2009, p. 40). Procedure Research approach can be characterized as the way toward examining, gathering and conceiving the necessary data. Strategy is a significant technique for any organization needing to advertise its item in another region (Burns and Bush, 2007, p. 6-7). Statistical surveying approach includes the clarification of the issue and the procedure to locate the ideal arrangement. The reason for issue and the exploration system plan are legitimately corresponding to one another. The examination approach has additionally helped in deciding the goal of paper which is to break down the Chinese market and the customer... The paper works fundamentally dependent on explore addresses which can be expressed as follows: Why China is a significant market? In what capacity would china be able to assist worldwide brands with extending their piece of the overall industry? It can likewise be seen that China however offers opportunity, yet for any remote brand to venture into China would require an examination on the Chinese shoppers conduct. Buyer look into dependent on the personal conduct standard can cause the global brands to comprehend the market in a superior manner to execute the correct system. A careful research dependent on the examination of information assortment and different strategies can assume a noteworthy job in understanding the genuine idea of purchaser conduct in setting to the Chinese culture. Chinese economy is one of the quickest developing economies on the planet. Since, the approach of financial progression in the mid 1980’s the nation has seen uncommon development. This elemen t of the nation has made it the hotspot for the outside brands ready to grow their business and expand their piece of the pie. Chinese culture in contrast with different societies is unique and this makes the way to progress multifaceted for the worldwide brands. Chinese purchasers have solid preference for remote brands as they scarcely separate them as various brands but instead treat each brand as a universal brand and use it to keep up their superficial point of interest. The Chinese consumers’ conduct has consistently been a topic of conversation. The case is the equivalent in setting to the global garments brands growing in China.

And for my next trick

And for my next trick… So heres the new plan: instead of me always spending all week planning out these elaborate blog entries for you guys involving photos, anecdotes, lots of links, and coherent structure, and then only getting around to writing them once a weekIll just write stuff. About my life and all. And well see how that goes. So, catching up on everything ever: Responses to Comments: (Lots of people helped me out by responding to questions, so gold stars to them! Ill repost the questions and answers here, in case anyone missed them.) Jess: Okay, so your roommates are picked by just rock/paper/scissors? Are there any dorms where you can live with more than just one person? Thanks for that, it was really helpful! Michael Borohovski: Jess, you can choose your roommate AFTER rex if you choose to do so, but if you dont choose one (i.e. staple your applications together :p) theyll choose one for you should you get something other than a single. Some dorms (baker, for one, and others as well) have plenty of rooms with more than just one roommate. If, after the housing adjustment lottery, you are assigned to the same dorm as someone youd like to room with, you can staple your floor preferences together and you will be guaranteed roommates. Id also just like to add that while Baker is especially famous for triples and quads, sometimes rooms that are ordinarily doubles in other dorms are crowded into triples. This is generally not a good thing though, because while the rooms are usually comfortable enough for 3 people, they were really meant for 2- so it means that the dorm is technically/officially overcrowded. Kristin: Hey, the housing info was awesome thanks! Now I can link my parents here so they can stop asking me how the whole process works, as if Id know. Youre welcome. My mom still asks me questions about financial aid that I dont know the answers to. Hi Mom. =) Tasha: Thanks for the housing info, but I have one more question: If you skip CPW, do you get assigned randomly for Orientation? Or is there some other process for your initial housing assignment? Noah: If one does not attend CPW, then youd have to select your choices (there is a lottery in June) based on i3 videos/dorm websites and/or previous visits alone. Right. CPW and the summer housing preferences sheet are not technically related. CPW just happens to be a good time to get a head start on getting a feel for what the different dorms are like. Whether or not you attend CPW, youll get the i3 stuff in the mail. If you never had a chance to visit campus, youll just have less information to go off of when you rank your choices. So. We are now in a new semester! Heres what Im taking: 8.02t (Electricity and Magnetism: TEAL format): Lots of people hate TEAL (Technology Enabled Active Learning). Basically its supposed to be super-interactive: you work on problems in groups during lecture, answer questions with these corny little remote controls, and are generally overwhelmed by the sheer number of video cameras and projectors around the room. I personally love it. It makes me feel like Im on Who Wants to be a Millionaire or something. Plus, I love physics. No really. I mean that. No sarcasm. I go to MIT, ok? Im allowed. Anyway, I will say that the class is a little over-the-top. There are so many elements going on that sometimes you feel like you spend more time figuring out what assignment/problem set/in-class problem/problem solving activity youre supposed to be doing than actually doing physics. Which is uncool, but doesnt make me love physics any less. So everythings ok. (Oh, and one more thing: I pulled up the course webpage today, and I foundwellPhysics for yo ur iPod? I have no words for this. Seriously.) 21H.105 (American Classics): American Classics is a course that focuses on reading and analyzing important historical works that everyone cites/talks about but no ones ever actually read- like Ben Franklins Autobiography, Common Sense, Uncle Toms Cabin, and other fun stuff. Theres also some not-so-fun stuff thrown in, like the Lewis and Clark journals. Now, while Ive never actually read said journals and dont know what theyre actually likewell, Im looking at the book on my shelf right now, and its way too long for me. Basically, this class is going to involve A LOT of reading, but hopefully Ill be able to keep up. The polisci nerd in me is excited, though. 18.02 (Multivarable Calculus): You know. Calc. Only in more than one dimension and stuff. Pretty straightforward. Im encouraged by the fact that so far Im kind of understanding whats going on. I might just even*knock on wood*do well in this class! Thatd be pretty cool, to be good at math. I hear thats sort of useful around here 18.03 (Differential Equations): Yes. Yes I am taking two math classes. No. No Im not happy about it. (Basically I have weird academic circumstances, and taking 18.03 this term was about my only option to fill my schedule.) At least everyone reacts with sympathy when they find out that Im taking two math classes this term. It freaks me out, trust me. But then I realized- thats what math majors do ALL THE TIME! How can you handle that? Im only in the first week of the semester and I dont think Im gonna make it without losing my sanity. (More on that later.) And nowfuton pictures! The story goes like this: April and I decided we wanted a futon. So we emailed a bunch of people who were selling theirs on http://boston.craigslist.org/. The next day, Aprils boyfriend Kenny drove us to pick it up. We took it apart and stuffed it into his MiniCooper. Seriously. (Oh, and the girls we bought it from were super impressed that we knew how to take it apart. It was kinda weird. I think they just got all caught up in the fact that were MIT students.) There are pictures of this somewhere. Ill see if I can get them. Anyway, we put it back together in our room. About a week later, with Ricks help, we finally got around to putting up the mirror and shelf that we planned on in the first place. (Our mirror used to be on the back of the door, so we were constantly hitting each other in the face when we came in while the other was doing her hair. This was not ideal.) The next day, we spontaneously decided to rearrange all of the decorations in the room. We e ven made an awesome new poster out of old pages of a LotR calendar. Because we rock like that. Heres the photographic evidence, with before and after pictures where appropriate. Oh, and the third picture is just something I think perfectly portrays April- she was the foreman of her high schools construction team and is the one with the tools, and she stored all of the set screws and nuts from the futon in a little ivory drawstring change purse. Shes just like that. Yeah. Were cute. Post Tagged #Burton-Conner House

How to Fix Problems with Parallel Sentence Structure

The Common Core, as well as portions of many standardized tests, require  students to recognize and improve poorly-constructed sentences. It’s important for students to know what problems appear frequently within these sentences  in order to improve their chances of scoring well. One common sentence problem involves non-parallel structure. Parallel Structure in a Sentence or Phrase Parallel structure involves using the same pattern of words or the same voice in a list of items or ideas. By using parallel structure, the writer indicates that all of the items in the list are of equal importance. Parallel structure is important in both sentences and phrases. Examples of Problems with Parallel Structure Problems with parallel structure usually occur after coordinating conjunction such as or or and. Most are a result of mixing gerunds and infinitive phrases or mixing active and passive voice. Mixing Gerunds and Infinitive Phrases Gerunds are verb forms that end with the letters -ing. Running, jumping, and coding are all gerunds. The following two sentences correctly use gerunds in parallel structure: Bethany enjoys baking cakes, cookies, and brownies.She doesn’t like washing dishes, ironing clothes, or mopping the floor. The  sentence below  is incorrect, however, because it mixes gerunds (baking, making) and an infinitive phrase (to eat out): Bethany likes to eat out,  baking cakes, and making candy. This sentence contains an unparallel mixture of a gerund and a noun: She doesn’t like washing clothes or housework. But this sentence contains two gerunds: She doesn’t like washing clothes or doing housework. Mixing Active and Passive Voice Writers can correctly use either the active or the passive voice--but mixing the two, especially in a list, is incorrect. In a sentence that uses the active voice, the subject performs an action; in a sentence that uses the passive voice, the action is performed on the subject. For example: Active voice: Jane ate the donut. (Jane, the subject, acts by eating the donut.) Passive voice: The donut was eaten by Jane. (The donut, the subject, is acted upon by Jane.) Both of the above examples are technically correct. But this sentence is incorrect because the active and passive voices are mixed: The director told the actors that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some vocal exercises before the show. A parallel version of this sentence might read: The director told the actors that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some vocal exercises before the show. Parallel Structure Problems in Phrases Parallelism is necessary not only in full sentences but also in phrases, as well: The British Museum is a wonderful place to see ancient Egyptian art, find beautiful  textiles from around  the  world, and  you can explore African artifacts. This sentence sounds jerky and out of balance, doesn’t it? That’s because the phrases are not parallel. Now read this: The British Museum is a wonderful place where you can find ancient Egyptian art, explore African artifacts, and discover beautiful textiles from around the world. Notice that each phrase has a verb and a direct object. Parallelism is necessary when a series of words, thoughts, or ideas appear in one sentence. If you encounter a sentence that just sounds wrong or clunky, look for conjunctions like and, or, but, and yet to determine whether the sentence is off balance.

Essay on Adolescent Case Study - 1021 Words

Adolescent Case Study I. Identification nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of Family nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. The childs biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has not maintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationship or contact with him either. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B. The subject comes from an upper middle class family. Her stepfather is a high school graduate and†¦show more content†¦She plays softball during the summer for her church league and has won numerous trophies. During the school year, she also plays basketball for her church basketball team. She diligently attends every practice and never misses a game in either sport. Although her physician states that she is in good general health, she regularly complains of stomach pain and lethargy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Due to the subjects physical complaints, her school attendance is relatively poor; however, her grades are above average in the A to B range. In the past, her attendance in school was better, but her grades were not as high. They usually remained in the B to C range. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;C.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The subject receives an allowance of $25 per week for doing household chores such as cleaning her room, vacuuming, and cooking dinner. Most often, she spends her allowance on name brand clothing and shoes. Fitting in with thenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Preppyquot; crowd seems to be very important to her, hence the expenditures on only name brand clothing, shoes, etc. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;D.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although she wants to fit in, she seems to lack the social skills required in order to get along with her peers. She tends to be somewhat aggressive which often results in confrontations and arguments with peers herShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Case Study Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescent Case Study I. Identification A. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of Family A. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. The childs biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has not maintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationshipRead MoreCase Study : Adolescent Ptsd3020 Words   |  13 Pages Case Study: Adolescent PTSD Jalisa Rumph Nova Southeastern University Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that is usually triggered when a person witnesses a traumatic event. A traumatic event could be war, natural disaster, a near death experience, witnessing a death, car accident, plane crash, violent crimes or any other terrifying event. Many people experience these types of events and do just fine afterwards. Others experience symptoms from the eventRead MoreAdolescent Behavior Case Study1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe second study to be addressed pertains to the likeliness of the program to decrease risky sexual behaviors in adolescents. This study tries to assess the effectiveness of the program in decreasing reports of participants having sex, unprotected sex and underage pregnancies after the completion of the program. 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Analysis of the Effect of Culture Within an Organization Free Essays

Analyze the effect of culture within an organization Charles I Ojunta LDR/531 January, 21,2013 James F Traylor R FC. CFM. Analyze the effect of culture within an organization One of the primary responsibilities of strategic leaders is to create and maintain the organizational characteristics that reward and encourage collective effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Effect of Culture Within an Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now . The most fundamental of this is organizational culture. Organization culture is defined as a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguish the organization from other organizations. It develops to help organizations cope with its environment. Strong culture provides stability to an organization. The culture of an organization consists of the shared norms, values, and believes of members.. By establishing a strong culture, leaders can indirectly influence the attitudes and behaviors of members (Schein 1992) But it is not for every organization. For some organizations it is a major barrier to change.. Many managers have failed in implementing a new strategy for a new vision for the company due to poor analysis of the organizational culture Culture provides a way to control and coordinate the actions of people without the need for elaborate formal control systems or continuous use of direct influence attempts (Tushman O’Reilly 1996). There are Six Characteristics of organizational culture. As follows Innovation and risk taking, Attention to details, Outcome orientation, Aggressiveness and stability.. Organizational culture can be one of the most important factors in whether a large company succeeds or fails, but it is also one of the hardest things to change about a company , since by its very definition, organizational culture is shared through out the entire company. In analyzing a company’s organizational culture, three core areas are critical each of which is futher broken down to create a list of key concepts which are critical to the process of reviewing the organization. The three areas are Elements of organizational culture,, the company must look at the contents of the organizational culture, and then the subculture that exists within the dominant culture of the company, The organizational culture of the company refers to the basic assumptions , values and beliefs that the organizations supposed to be based on.. The business organizational culture is looked at in terms of what the business considers important ant or unimportant. Within every company, there is also subcultures or a number of subcultures that exist in conjunction with (or sometimes in opposition to ) the organizational culture. Although sub cultures are considered rebellious groups within the organization, but some subcultures can also serve an important function in understanding the operations of the company and therefore can be an asset therefore they are an important and critical concept in understanding the company as a whole it gives you insight into problem areas in the organization. It is necessary to examine the relationship between that culture and the company’s ethics. in three areas, Knowledge management, Anchors of organizational behavior and work place values. Organizations must look at the procedures by which such knowledge is obtained and passed along as well as the organizational memory of the company. In assessing the organizational behavior of the company’ s status with these. In this area the assessment is focused on the importance of values in the work place and the idea of corporate social responsibility A complete analysis of the company requires a final look at the process of group and team formation within the company. This will involve the development of the four other concepts of leadership and culture that are of importance to the company’s analysis-work teams . ffectiveness, cooperation among teams and team inaction and team building efforts. In essence ,the core functions of all these concepts is to generate greater understanding of the company’s ability to make use of teams within the existing organizational culture with the purpose of increasing positive relationship between the existing cultures and the company stated ethics. Therefore an analysis of an organizational culture can greatly enhance the efficiency in the work place. Employees form an overall subjective perception of the organization based on such factors as degree of risk tolerance, team emphasis, and support of people.. This overall perception becomes, in effect, the organizations culture or personality.. National Defence University. (2009 04). Organizational Culture. Retrieved from http://www. au. af. mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt4ch16. html Robbin, S. (2007). Organizational Behavior (14th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Zajac, C. (2009-04). Change of organizational culture Premises, aims,and results. Journal of Intercultural Management, 1(1), 109-116. doi:N/A How to analyze Your Company’s Organizational Culture. (2010 July). Retrieved from http:// www. organizationalculture101. com/analyzing-organizational-culture. html How to cite Analysis of the Effect of Culture Within an Organization, Essay examples

Delineating Foreign Market Potential †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Delineating Foreign Market Potential. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the report is to analyse the opportunities that a business organisation may have while expanding itself in the international market. Global marketing is one of the main aims for most managers in order to increase dominance in the business world. For the purpose of the report, Wesfarmers has been considered in order to understand its marketing strategies. The aim of the company is to expand itself and dominate the markets of Germany. Hence, the report focuses on analysing the external as well as the internal factors that may affect the expansion of the company. A proper market analysis, customer analysis and SWOT analysis are done in order to understand the opportunity of expansion. Apart from this, the report also analyses the competitors that Wesfarmers have to face after expanding its market in Germany. Size of the market and growth rates According to Horton Tambe, (2015), market size is one of the most important factors that need to be considered before expansion or growth of an industry. Without a proper size of the market for a particular product, industries may find it difficult to establish and attract customers. The growth rate also determines the level of success that can be achieved if the investment is made in that market. In this case, it can be said that the size of a market, particularly for retail industries is high. This provides an opportunity for Wesfarmers to establish itself in the markets of Germany. The growth rate is significantly high as the popularity of the companies among the customers makes it a huge success in the business (Song Chen, 2014). Germany is a country that has a medium level of population. The rate of population in the country is about 82.67 million, which can be considered as a moderately populated country. This can provide an advantage for many companies seeking to establish itself in the German market. As stated by Coale Hoover, (2015) the size of a population of a country consists of the demographic factor of the country. This provides an additional advantage for companies that consider demography as an important factor for business. Wesfarmers can seek this opportunity in order to increase and expand the business in the country. With the increase in the number of migrants in the country, Germany is opened to a diverse culture of people (Castles, De Haas Miller, 2013). Thus, this can be a huge advantage for Wesfarmers as it has branches in other countries of the world. This can be a strength of the company while expanding into the market. Mathews et al., (2016) stated that certain factors restrict the entrance of new industries in a market. These prove as market barriers that are needed to be analysed by a company. In most cases, the barriers exist due to the interference from the Government and due to the poor economic condition of a country. In some case, the technological factors can also play a key role in the restricting the entry of a company. In the case of Wesfarmers, the political situation of Germany can play a huge role in the expansion of the market in the company. The existence of a large number of local retail stores can also hinder the progress of the company. However, certain factors like the social and technological factors can act as the role of market drivers for the company. This is because Germany is a technically advanced country with a population sufficient to help in making the ventures of Wesfarmers a success (Buckley Hashai, 2014). Organisational analysis Wesfarmers is a reputed retail company in Australia second only to Woolworths. Due to this reason, the company holds a high market share in the retail sector of the country. Currently, the revenue of the company is estimated to be at AUD$65.98 billion. The expense of the company is estimated to be at AUD$13.19 million. This indicates that the company spends a lot of amount in the innovation and application of strategies that can increase the profit. The current manager of the company adopts the strategy of manufacturing fresh products and sells them to the public. This accounts for the maintenance of a sustainable environment, which is an important social responsibility of the company. Other strategies include the collaboration with a company of similar items and dominating the market with the help of the company. The collaboration with Coles has helped Wesfarmers to maintain its status as the second best retail company in Australia (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). In order to be successful in the market, every business needs to maintain the satisfaction of the customers. The feedback provided by the customers is important for understanding the improvements required in the business. This is an important factor for any business as customers expect the feedbacks to be taken seriously and changes are implemented based on the feedback (Jin, Ji Gu, 2016). The buying behaviour is another factor that needs to be considered while manufacturing and distributing goods. The buying behaviour changes along with the needs and demands of the customers. In the case of Wesfarmers, establishing a market in Germany, these can be an important factor for the company as the customers are accustomed to purchasing products from local markets. Hence, implementation of technique based on customer auditing can help Wesfarmers (Refer to appendix). Marketing Mix Hanssens et al., (2014) stated that the analysis of the elements of the marketing mix is an important success factor for most industries. The elements are collectively referred to as the 4Ps, which was later elevated to 7Ps. In the case of Wesfarmers, the company need to ensure that the elements of the marketing mix are used strategically. A proper medium, preferably the internet, needs to be used for promoting the types of products that are sold in the company. This is because brand awareness can elevate the sale of products by a considerable margin (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The prices of the products must not deviate a lot from the market price, as customers can prefer local competitors to Wesfarmers. The place of the setting up of the company need to be made in such a way at it becomes convenient for the customers to access it. In order to set up a company, it is necessary that the managers of an organisation make a thorough analysis of the competitors. The analysis of the strength and weakness of the competitors is required in order to develop strategies that can provide a competitive advantage for the company. Based on these strategies, customer satisfaction can be done that can help to increase the reputation of the company (Grant, 2016). Wesfarmers need to make a similar competitive analysis before entering into the German market. This is because many reputes supermarkets exist in the country that can provide tough competition to Wesfarmers. These supermarkets are renowned internationally and can restrict the growth of Wesfarmers in the country. Some of these competitors include Lidl, Aldi, Extra and Penny. Description of major competitors The major threat that can come to Wesfarmers is from Lidl and Aldi. Lidl is a supermarket chain that has its branches all over Europe and the United States. It operates in over 10,000 locations with annual revenue of 85.7 billion. The company is one of the oldest supermarkets operating in the country with varied products that can satisfy every demand of the customers (Lidl.com, 2017). On the other hand, Aldi is another supermarket chain company that specialises in not only food and beverages but also provides household goods. The annual revenue of the company is 53 billion and it has its branches in all over Europe. The company have existed in the German market for over 100 years and have gained a large follower of loyal customers (Aldi.com, 2017). However, the weakness of both these companies is the lack of innovative facilities for the manufacturing of products. Apart from these, other local companies also exist that pose medium or low threat to Wesfarmers. Based on the analysis of the competitors, the products of Wesfarmers can be analysed. One of the biggest advantages that Wesfarmers hold is the fact that the company manufacturers fresh produce. The fruits and vegetables manufactured by the company are freshly grown and sold in the market. Hence, the freshness of the level of food can add to an advantage for the company. Apart from this, Wesfarmers also indulge in selling safety equipment, chemicals and fertilisers (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). Hence, the variety of items sold by the company provides an advantage to it over its competitors. Positioning map of competitors In the light of the analysis of the competitors, a position map can be drawn in order to identify the possibilities of success for Wesfarmers. Positioning map determines the level of threat that exists in a market and the level in which a company is prepared to mitigate the threat (Punia, Garg Garg, 2014). From the analysis of the map, it can be said that Wesfarmers have to compete with Aldi and Lidl in terms of quality of product and the services provided by the company. The use of innovative techniques and application of a technological approach can help the company to mitigate the threats from these companies. Other local supermarkets pose a low threat for Wesfarmers. This is largely due to the lack of revenue generating ability and improper strategy. Hence, the marketing opportunity for Wesfarmers can be attributed to a minimum threat. Macro environment Political The political aspect of Germany provides free entry and exit from the business market. Government interventions do not prove much hindrance. Economical Germany is a country with vast economic wealth (Ozturk, Joiner Cavusgil, 2015). Hence, Wesfarmers can capitalise the economic conditions of the country. Social The diverse population can allow Wesfarmers to manufacture and sell a variety of goods to its customers. Technological The advancement of technology in the country can help in the production of innovative items. This can greatly increase the popularity of the company. Demographic The demographic versatility of Germany can provide Wesfarmers with an opportunity to exploit the country. Thereby, the satisfaction and trusts of the customers can be gained. Natural environment With the manufacturing of sustainable items, Wesfarmers can ensure that the natural environment of Germany will not be affected. Table 1: PESTEL Analysis (Created by author) Porter five forces model ELEMENT LEVEL OF THREAT Threat of new entrants High Threat of buyers High Threat of Substitutes Medium Threat of suppliers Medium Threat from existing rivals Medium Table 2: Porters Five-force analysis (Created by author) From the analysis, it can be seen that Wesfarmers received a high threat from new entrants. This is mainly because the German Government does not pose many restrictions to the entry of new markets (Alfalla-Luque, Marin-Garcia Medina-Lopez, 2015). Apart from this, the threat from buyers is high because a large number of similar industries exist from where the buyers can purchase its goods. Despite this, the threat of suppliers, substitutes and rival threat is less. This is mainly because of the fact that apart from Aldi and Lidl, the other super markets lack the proper managerial strategy to gain a competitive advantage. This can provide Wesfarmers with an opportunity to establish a firm foothold in the market. The value chain analysis helps in formulating strategies in order to monitor the internal activities of an organisation (Mudambi Puck, 2016). This is done in order to identify the activities that are of more priority than that of less importance. Based on this analysis, the managers make rectifications and specify the activities that need more focus. The improvement helps to increase the competitive advantage of the company and develop a reputation in the market. In the case of Wesfarmers, the internal analysis can help it to identify the required activities that are needed to be done. This can help the company to sort out the activities that are required for success in Germany. Apart from this, the required action needed to be taken on employees can also be based on value chain analysis. The BCG matrix helps to analyse four essential factors that are necessary for making a proper marketing analysis. If a company have high market share in an industry that has a slow growth rate the cash amount generated is more for such companies. Similarly, if a company has a high market share in a high moving industry then the organisation can increase its domination. Apart from this, other forms of companies also exist that either has a low market share in a high growth company or is a charitable fund (Whitehead, 2015). Based on the analysis of the market of Germany, it can be said that since the market has a high growth rate, it is important for Wesfarmers to ensure that the market share is high. With the threat from competitors, it is important that such a strategy is maintained and developed by Wesfarmers. Based on this a SWOT analysis can be determined that can summarise the internal factors of Wesfarmers. SWOT Analysis Strength Emphasis on the development of community Encourages sustainable growth Have a variety of products for different professions Weakness Low presence in the retail market Have limited resources Need acquisition support for dominance Opportunity Growth and expansion Improve the service quality by following the benchmark strategy Loyalty of customers Threat Threat from local competitors External factors that restrict the entrance in Germany Lack of trust of the customers Table 3: SWOT analysis (Created by author) According to Bull et al. (2016), SWOT analysis is performed in order to understand the internal factors that exist in a company. From the SWOT analysis of Wesfarmers, it can be seen that despite its continuous community service and sustainable growth of products, the company may face major threats from the existing supermarket companies in Germany. The lack of resources and the dependence of support from other companies can provide a disadvantage for Wesfarmers. However, with the opportunity to increase its reputation and gain the trust of the customers, Wesfarmers can improve its production techniques. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that in order to establish itself in the markets of Germany Wesfarmers need to formulate an advanced technique that can help it to gain a competitive advantage from Aldi and Lidl. The entry to the market does not have many restrictions, which makes it even a threat for the company. However, with the existing policy and ability to improvise, the company can establish itself in the markets of Germany and become a dominating supermarket chain in the country. Hence, the opportunity for expansion is good for the company and it can mitigate any threat that comes in the way. References Aldi.com. (2017).Aldi.com. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.aldi.com/ Alfalla-Luque, R., Marin-Garcia, J. A., Medina-Lopez, C. (2015). An analysis of the direct and mediated effects of employee commitment and supply chain integration on organisational performance.International Journal of Production Economics,162, 242-257. Buckley, P. J., Hashai, N. (2014). The role of technological catch up and domestic market growth in the genesis of emerging country based multinationals.Research Policy,43(2), 423-437. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., ... Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, 99-111. Castles, S., De Haas, H., Miller, M. J. (2013).The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. Palgrave Macmillan. Coale, A. J., Hoover, E. M. (2015).Population growth and economic development. Princeton University Press. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Hanssens, D. M., Pauwels, K. H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M., Yildirim, G. (2014). Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), 534-550. Horton, J. J., Tambe, P. (2015). Labor economists get their microscope: big data and labor market analysis.Big data,3(3), 130-137. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors, 43(4), pp. 113-132 Jin, J., Ji, P., Gu, R. (2016). Identifying comparative customer requirements from product online reviews for competitor analysis.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,49, 61-73. Lidl.com. (2017).Lidl.com. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.lidl.com/ Mathews, S., Bianchi, C., Perks, K. J., Healy, M., Wickramasekera, R. (2016). Internet marketing capabilities and international market growth.International Business Review,25(4), 820-830. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., Zentes, J. (2015).Strategic international management. Springer. Mudambi, R., Puck, J. (2016). A global value chain analysis of the regional strategyperspective.Journal of Management Studies,53(6), 1076-1093. Ozturk, A., Joiner, E., Cavusgil, S. T. (2015). Delineating foreign market potential: A tool for international market selection.Thunderbird International Business Review,57(2), 119-141. Punia, B. K., Garg, N., Garg, N. (2014). An organisational analysis of high performance work practices.Asian Journal of Management,5(3), 318-324. Song, M., Chen, Y. (2014). Organizational attributes, market growth, and product innovation.Journal of product innovation management,31(6), 1312-1329. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2017).Wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ Whitehead, J. (2015). BCG (Growth Share) Matrix.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management.

NJ

Introduction Bahrain, just like any other financial center, provides an environment where domestic and international trade is conducted on large scale. The Bankers’ Society of Bahrain (BSB) (n.d.) states that Bahrain has been known to be a strategic trading point between the East and the West.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NJ – International Finance Management Mid-Term Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, Bahrain trading history dates back to the Dilmun Civilization (BSB, n.d.). This is more than 4,000 years ago. Moreover, Bahrain is one of the most recognized financial centers in the Middle East. Bahrain is ranked 38th by the World Bank on the ease of doing business (World Bank, 2012). As a financial center, some of its major strengths include use of English, sound economic and financial policies and strategic location (United States Department of Commerce (USDC), 2012). On t he other hand, some of Bahrain major weaknesses include confusing labour laws, bureaucracy and some incidents of corruption within the government (USDC, 2012). This paper provides an insight into Bahrain as developing financial centre. Meaning of a Financial Center According to the businessdictionary.com (n.d.), a financial center is a city or a place within a city that has a lot of financial institutions. In addition, a financial center can be defined as a place with a world class commercial and communication infrastructure (businessdictionary.com, n.d.). Furthermore, a financial center can be a place where domestic and international trade is conducted on large scale (businessdictionary.com, n.d.). Financial centers also tend to have favourable time zones , are situated on traditional trade routes and have the highest concentration of a region’s or a country’s wealth (Security Industries Association (SIA), n.d.).The need to cater for an increasing global market and th e availability of mobile pool of capital are some of the reason as to why financial centers are in existence (SIA, n.d.). However, financial centers face the same level of competition as corporations and investors they attract. For that reason, investors tend to run their businesses in areas where costs are low, procedures are streamlined and the law protects investments (SIA, n.d.). Therefore, for a financial center to be successful, it must fulfill above requirements. World-class financial centers provide an investor with necessary business environments (SIA, n.d.). SIA (n.d.) also adds that these environments provide conditions under which financial skills and innovation thrive.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Subsequently, customer needs are efficiently catered for through market driven forces. Studies conducted on the various financial centers also show that these cente rs share some key characteristics. However, five characteristics stand out from the rest (SIA, n.d.). Firstly, a world-class financial center must have a stable and open economic and political system. Therefore, most financial centers are from countries that embrace democracy, have an open and fair financial market, encourage free flow of capital and have a convertible currency. Secondly, a financial center’s legal, regulatory and tax regime must be fair, transparent, efficient and reasonable. Thirdly, its labour force must be skilled and flexible. Fourthly, the language used in a financial center must be familiar to most people. Lastly, a financial center’s physical infrastructure must be of high quality. Reasons and Objectives for the Establishment of Bahrain Financial Center Bahrain is one of the leading financial centers in the Middle East. To start with, this financial center has efficient regulatory policies. Bahrain, therefore, is a popular place for foreign inv estment. Bahrain sought to become a financial center in order to reduce its reliance on oil (USDC, 2012). Additionally, due to its small size, Bahrain has focused on becoming an area where exceptional services are offered. For that reason, Bahrain is a hub for quality services. Bahrain was also transformed into a financial center in order to offer investors a cost-effective business environment. Therefore, Bahrain became a financial center in order to increase the ease of doing business. For that reason, the government of Bahrain strives to boost foreign direct investment (USDC, 2012). Bahrain was also the first country to recognize the need to diversify the economy in the gulf region (BSB, n.d.). This financial center’s greatest asset is its ability to maintain high levels of financial and economic management in challenging times. This is one of the greatest assets of Bahrain. For that reason, Bahrain deserves respect and recognition. Other regional financial centers have co ntinuously provided stiff competition for investors. Nonetheless, Bahrain is one of the financial centers to beat in this region. According to Bahrain Economic Development Board (BEDB) (n.d.), in the Middle East region, Bahrain is believed to be among the best regulated financial centers. Additionally, for more than forty years, Bahrain has been the region’s financial capital (BEDB, n.d.). Currently, 27.6% of Bahrain’s gross domestic product is made up of financial services (BEDB, n.d.). Moreover, most Bahraini nationals are experts in financial matters. For that reason, 67% of the 14,000 people employed in the financial industry are Bahraini citizens (BEDB, n.d.). The financial sector is also supervised by a pool of professionals from the Central Bank of Bahrain. In terms of regulation, originality, license management, non-discriminatory treatment and efficiency in operations, the Central Bank of Bahrain is the most successful in the Arab world (BEDB, n.d.).Advertisin g We will write a custom essay sample on NJ – International Finance Management Mid-Term Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This financial center is, hence, in safe hands. In addition, the award given to Bahrain by the Global investor Magazine came when the global economy was weakening (BEDB, n.d.). Therefore, Bahrain showed that it is ready for its new role as a world or regional financial centre. An ambitious financial center must withstand major financial crisis and shocks. This is exactly what Bahrain did during this period when the world was on the verge of a recession. Pros and Cons of Bahrain in Becoming a World or Regional Financial Centre A number of factors favor the establishment of Bahrain as a world or regional financial center. The business culture in Bahrain is about a century old (USDC, 2012). This culture prepares the ground for businesses and visitors. The government of Bahrain has also liberalize d Bahrain’s economy (USDC, 2012). This means that no industry is under government control. Ernst and Young (2012) state that the government of Bahrain is the majority owner of industries connected with infrastructure. Examples of these industries include oil, gas and aluminum. However, most industries are being privatized. Therefore, all industries are now open to foreign investors (Ernst and Young, 2012). For instance, in 2006, government of Bahrain privatized electricity production and transferred control of parastatals to a quasi-independent holding company (USDC, 2012). This reaffirmed Bahrain’s commitment in running profitable businesses. Moreover, foreign companies receive the same incentives as companies from Bahrain (Ernst and Young, 2012). Additionally, Bahrain’s commercial and legal laws are consistent with international standards. Commercial laws are also reviewed from time to time to accommodate any changes made internationally (Ernst and Young, 2012 ). For that reason, Bahrain should be an emerging market of choice for many businesses regardless of their place of origin. Ernst and Young (2012) also add that companies operating in Bahrain are required to present their financial reports using internationally accepted Standards. In addition, Bahrain’s modern laws provide favourable environments for doing business. Some of the best laws include labour and commercial laws (USDC, 2012). For instance, expatriates can change jobs more easily in Bahrain than in most countries in the Gulf region. This brings about flexibility in the labour market. Workers also have the right to join unions to fight for better terms. In addition, there are laws that protect foreign workers from abuse (USDC, 2012). According to the USDC (2012), Bahrain’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been on the rise. Recent reports indicate that Bahrain’s has enjoyed an economic growth of between four to five percent yearly. In 2010, Bahrainâ€℠¢s GDP stood at $21.3 billion (USDC, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Bahrain has been able to maintain price inflation at low levels (USDC, 2012). For that reason, this financial center’s currency has remained stable. This is an added advantage to Bahrain as a financial center. English is also spoken widely in Bahrain. This makes easier for most people to express themselves. However, a few factors discourage investors from investing in Bahrain. For instance, there are no clear differences between the government and the private sector. As a result, there has been conflict of interest (USDC, 2012). The USDC (2012) also adds that the tendering process has not been transparent enough in some cases. In other cases, the government has been found to favour certain business men (USDC, 2012). This act disadvantages other competitors who are not highly connected with government officials. In addition, foreign investors who do not have local partners are discriminated upon. There are also few incidents of bureaucracy and poor coordination among ministries (USDC, 2012). Moreover, the government of Bahrain forces a company to employ a certain number of Bahrain citizens (USDC, 2012). Failure to do leads to a fine. Furthermore, the government of Bahrain intentionally makes it difficult for foreign firms to secure work permits and visas for foreign employees (USDC, 2012). This forces these companies to employ Bahraini citizens. As a result, the firms produce goods and service of low quality. In addition, these firms lack the required experts in various fields. In some cases, companies are forced to relocate from Bahrain. Finally, a few months ago Bahrain was on the international media for the wrong reasons. Bahraini citizen were protesting due to political and economic injustices. Such scenes kept investors away from Bahrain. However, Bahrain has been able to overcome these unrests (Albawaba, 2011) Degree of Success and Future Prospects Bahrain is recognized by its prowess in financial management. This makes the central bank o f Bahrain one of the most respected financial institutions in the Middle East (Albawaba, 2011). Apart from being the first country to indentify the need to diversify the economy, Bahrain was the first country to discover oil in the Gulf region in the modern era (BSB, n.d.). Bahrain’s transportation and communication are also in standards that attract and foster investments (USDC, 2012). Likewise, other types of infrastructure are of standards that encourage business development. Therefore, any form of investment will survive in Bahrain. Compared to eighty three economies, Bahrain is ranked 38th by the World Bank on the ease of doing business (World Bank, 2012). This makes it the 4th best economy in the Middle East. The World Bank report also places Bahrain on 82nd and 126th position on ease of starting a business and getting credit respectively. Additionally, this financial center is ranked 7th in dealing with construction permits, 18th in paying taxes , 25th in resolving ins olvency, 30th in registering property and 49th in trading across borders. Furthermore, Bahrain is ranked 79th in protecting investors, 49th in accessing electricity and 115th in enforcing contracts. This shows that Bahrain fairs well as compared to other countries where doing business is not a complicated matter. Bahrain has experience a steady increase in the number of financial institutions. Despite fluctuations in oil prices, these institutions have continued to post profits and positive growth (BSB, n.d.). In March 2006, the International Monetary Fund Financial Sector Assessment Programme (FSAP) conducted a review of the financial sector in Bahrain (BSB, n.d.). The results of this review indicated that Bahrain’s financial regulations were modern and effective. In the same year, Fitch Ratings changed Bahrain’s credit outlook from stable to positive (BSB, n.d.). This rating meant that the world recognized Bahrain’s financial and economic strength. In 2010, Th e Global investor Magazine named Bahrain as the best financial center (BEDB, 2010). The Global investor Magazine is a publication associated with the Euromoney (BEDB, 2010). For that reason, this award cannot be disputed. The award was given to Bahrain because of providing excellent financial services for a long time. Additionally, the award recognized the good work done by the Central Bank of Bahrain. This reward, hence, portrayed Bahrain’s leadership in the financial sector. Bahrain has also been able to establish a transparent business environment (Albawaba, 2011). Its laws are non-discriminatory and the tendering process is not questionable in most cases. Moreover, Bahrain overcame recent unrest brought about by bad economic policies (Albawaba, 2011). This showed that Bahrain has the capability to offer instant solutions to any situation that threatens to disrupt its economic progress. Bahrain faces stiff competition from other financial centers such as Dubai and Qatar. T herefore, to increase its competitiveness, Bahrain targets to improve six economic sectors† (USDC, 2012).These sectors include â€Å"tourism, health care, information and communication technology, education and training, business service and financial services† (USDC, 2012). Moreover, one of the growing sectors in Bahrain is Islamic banking (Albawaba, 2011). Although Islamic banking has been associated with the Middle East for a long time, Western countries are adopting it. This is something that Bahrain can present to foreign investors who want to diversify. Conclusion Throughout history Bahrain has been known to be a strategic trading point between the East and the West (BSD, n.d.). Therefore, Bahrain is one of the most renowned financial centers in the Middle East. Bahrain future as an economic center looks bright. Bahrain’s economic and financial policies have laid a solid foundation for future investments. Additionally, to increase its competitiveness, Bahra in has prioritized six sectors. These are the sectors that Bahrain wants to improve in order to consolidate its position as a world and regional financial center (USDC, 2012). References Albawaba. (2011). Bahrain still a leading financial centre: capinnova. Retrieved from http://www.albawaba.com/bahrain-still-leading-financial-centre-%E2%80%93-capinnova-380888 Bahrain Economic Development Board. (n.d.). Bahrain- the center of financial services in the Gulf and Middle East. Retrieved from http://www.bahrainedb.com/bahrain-financial-services.aspx Bahrain Economic Development Board. (2010).Bahrain named financial center of the year. Retrieved from http://www.bahrainedb.com/press-bahrain-named-financial-center-of-the-year.aspx Bankers’ Society of Bahrain. (n.d.). Bahrain an international banking and financial centre. Retrieved from www.banksbahrain.org/media/pdf/BSBBrochure-reduced.pdf Businessdictionary.com. (n.d). Financial center. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.c om/definition/financial-center.html Ernst Young. (2012). Doing business Bahrain 2011. Retrieved from http://emergingmarkets.ey.com/doing-business-in-bahrain-2011/ Security Industries Association. (n.d.).The key building blocks of world class financial centers. Retrieved from www.ita.doc.gov/td/finance/†¦/World_Class_Financial_Center.pdf http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/63624/formationoffinan00kind.pdf?sequence=1 United States Department of Commerce. (2012). Doing business Bahrain: 2011 country commercial guide for U.S. companies. Retrieved from http://photos.state.gov/libraries/embassy/164325/2011pd/2011%20Bahrain%20Country%20Commercial%20Guide.pdf World Bank. (2012). Economy profile: Bahrain. Doing business 2012. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/fpdkm/doing%20business/documents/profiles/country/bhr.pdf This essay on NJ – International Finance Management Mid-Term Assignment was written and submitted by user Kira D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mental Health In Kenya Africa Social Work Essay Essays

Mental Health In Kenya Africa Social Work Essay Essays Mental Health In Kenya Africa Social Work Essay Essay Mental Health In Kenya Africa Social Work Essay Essay In many African states, mental wellness has long been a major concern. This concern is heightened by critical events characteristic of Africa, such as corruptness, political convulsion, poorness, the refugee state of affairs, and deficiency of H2O and other basic necessities of life ; the list is eternal. All of these factors add up to exercise enormous force per unit areas on the African household, by and large, and the person, in peculiar. In most instances, when physical and psychological demands compete, the physical are addressed at the disbursal of the psychological ( Gichinga, 2003 ) . Experts in the Fieldss of instruction, medical specialty, psychological science, and sociology portion a common concern over the dismaying degree of emphasis that both the immature and the old in Africa experience in their day-to-day activities. The cumulative effects of these force per unit areas are countless and frequently negative, including anxiousness, depression, craze, paranoia, and schi zophrenic disorder. Many of the victims of these force per unit areas besides end up mistreating intoxicant and drugs, ordaining gender-based force, prosecuting in promiscuous sex, and even perpetrating self-destruction ( McGuiness, et al 2005 ) . Mental Illnesss Are Different With most physical diseases, physicians diagnose the bodily manifestations of the unwellness, inform the patient of the forecast, and urge a class of intervention. Doctors, as opposed to every other group, have been awarded the right to handle unwellnesss, prescribe medicine, if necessary even cut the organic structure, and by and large take control of the patient in an attempt to mend him or her. However, with mental unwellness, several differences are obvious. The first job is that there are no research lab tests that can help the physician in his or her diagnosing ( Okatcha, et al 2003 ) . No blood or urine trial is available to articulate the patient mentally sick. Consequently, there is a great sum of fluctuation in the diagnosing of a mental upset, with changing dependability between head-shrinkers as to what specific unwellness they are seeing and what to make about it. The 2nd difference between medical and mental unwellness is that the consumers have been afforded certain rights and protections in covering with doctors and head-shrinkers ( Wrenn, 1962 ) . It is estimated that there are about 3,000 psychologists and professional counsellors ( with counsellors outnumbering psychologists ) in Kenya, which has a population of about 30.5 million ( Okatcha, et al 2003 ) . There are three groups of mental wellness suppliers in Kenya: the first group is psychologists who have maestro s grades in guidance, clinical or research ; the 2nd group is that of professional counsellors who have a unmarried man s grade either in psychological science or other related subjects, such as sociology, nursing, or instruction, and a maestro s grade in reding. In this 2nd group of professional counsellors, there are those who do non hold a grade, but have done extended preparation in focussed countries of involvement such as HIV/AIDS guidance ( Archarya, 2001 ) . The 3rd group consists of counsellors with really limited preparation in psychological science. Inclusion of these different professional groups is of import in understanding the range and hereafter o f psychological science in Kenya. In this thesis, I will mention chiefly to the first and 2nd group of mental wellness suppliers. Newly Acquired Rights Prior to the mid- 20th century, there was small concern for the rights of the mentally ill. Family members could easy happen a head-shrinker willing to specify a individual mentally sick and have him or her committed to a province infirmary. Rosenhan in 1973 demonstrated the easiness with which alternate patients ( graduate pupils stating they were hearing voices ) could be institutionalized in the province psychiatric infirmaries in California ( McGuiness, et al 2005 ) . The survey besides documented the trouble these patients had in seeing a head-shrinker for intervention and, consequently, the troubles in turn outing that they were sane and ready to be released. Through legislative reform, precedent-making instances, and category action suits following the forms of civil rights statute law, the rights of mentally sick individuals have become widely protected and enforced ( Okatcha, et al 2003 ) s. In 1986, the federal authorities passed the Protection and Advocacy Bill, sing tha t every province will hold a province office that has as its primary mission protecting the rights of mentally handicapped people. This is a landmark in the historical March of rights for mentally sick people. Deinstitutionalization and Involuntary Hospitalization for a Mental Illness The influence of altering legal sentiment on mental wellness intervention is clear when merely one statistic is reported. Prior to 1970, 90 per centum of all mental patients were committed to hospital attention involuntarily and the majority of all patient attention episodes took topographic point in mental infirmaries. In the 1980s these figures changed. The intended intent of judicial engagement in the committedness procedure is threefold ( James, et al 2002 ) . First, by set uping due procedure for the mentally sick, the person presumptively is protected from arbitrary province action that could strip a individual of civil autonomies. Second, judicial overview presumptively protects the community from those who are unsafe to the populace. Third, judicial engagement can convey individuals who are unsafe to themselves, but unaware of their demand for aid, into the intervention system. Deinstitutionalization and Public Awareness The function or influence of societal scientific discipline ( and research by and large ) on public policy is often debated. However, in the field of mental wellness policy, it is by and large agreed that societal scientists did act upon the form of the deinstitutionalization motion and sped the patient s rights motions. Thomas Szasz, the controversial head-shrinker, wrote several books that were widely read both by mental wellness experts and the populace at big ( Archarya, 2001 ) . His work was often quoted in the legal Jockey shortss of the seminal instances. His Myth of Mental Illness ( 1961 ) and Manufacture of Madness ( 1970 ) argued that the mentally sick were being labeled and so put into a coercive system dominated by head-shrinkers, non because they had an identifiable unwellness, but because they violated our societal norms and were populating a different life style that the dominant civilization found endangering. Abominable conditions bing in mental infirmaries were one time once more popularized in Ken Kesey novel One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest ( 1962 ) and subsequently made into a widely seen film. And Irving Goffman Asylums ( 1961 ) brought place the systematic negative impact that establishments ( entire establishments ) had upon their inmates ( Dhadphale et Al. 1983 ) . These influences affected the thought of the tribunals and were responsible for conveying about alterations in the committedness Torahs throughout the provinces. Barrier and Supports Psychiatrists trained before the 1960s presumed that their work with mentally sick individuals would concentrate on clinical diagnosings and intervention intercessions. Few anticipated the dramatic alterations in the pattern of psychopathology brought about by alterations in the Torahs and tribunal determinations ( McGuiness, et al 2005 ) . Challenges emerged to such basic inquiries as who is mentally sick, who is in demand of intervention, when is a individual likely to go unsafe, who should take antipsychotic medicines, and when should individuals be treated against their will. These challenges were coming from patients, advocators, household members, and other aligned mental wellness professionals. Many head-shrinkers and other mental wellness professionals see active adversarial lawyers and hawkish former patients. . . [ as assailing ] both the being of mental unwellness and the ability of head-shrinkers to name and handle it ( Acuda, 2003 ) . Clinicians, lawyers, and civil rig hts militants see the basic issues environing the definitions and intervention agreements for mentally sick individuals otherwise. Clinicians often see lawyers as chiefly concerned with the processs, methods, and legal rules of a instance, instead than with the existent results for an single client. Attorneys see clinicians as excessively confident about the impact of their intervention modes and insufficiently concerned about the rights and picks of their patients. Civil rights militants are most concerned about the possible loss of a patient s autonomies resulting from the psychiatric intervention itself every bit good as the effects and concentrate on protections for mentally sick individuals ( Okatcha, et al 2003 ) . Each perspective positions the other with dismay and at times these points of position come into terrible struggle. These differences are clearly seen in the public debates over altering Torahs and administrative processs, every bit good as what is considered the pu blic authorization to care for mentally sick individuals. Over the last two decennaries, clinicians themselves have begun to analyze their premises about what behaviour sufficiently justifies striping person of autonomy in the name of intervention. The class of mental upsets for which nonvoluntary intervention is justified has been narrowed and has become more clearly defined through behavioural properties. Now, the theoretical account committedness legislative act proposed by the American Psychiatric Association defines a terrible mental upset as an unwellness, disease, organic encephalon upset, or other status that ( 1 ) well impairs the individual s idea, perceptual experience of world, emotional hurt, or judgement or ( 2 ) well impairs behaviour as manifested by recent disturbed behaviour ( McGuiness, et al 2005 ) . However, most tribunals continue to be chiefly concerned with the issue of dangerousness and in pattern are less concerned with the grounds for mental unwellness, irrespective of how it is defined ( Hiday, 1977 ) . Anoth er interesting tendency is that while civil rights militants criticize head-shrinkers for their wide latitude in specifying mental unwellness, for fright that individuals non mentally ill will be involuntarily committed, many clinicians themselves are concerned that the tribunals are perpetrating people who meet the dangerousness standards, but are nontreatable individuals in footings of presently available psychiatric intervention modes ( James, et al 2002 ) . Therefore they complain that the tribunals are make fulling the infirmaries with individuals who interfere with the effectual intervention of other truly mentally sick individuals who could profit from known psychiatric intercessions. By 1970, every province had revised its legislative acts to include either unsafe to oneself or dangerous to others as one necessary standard for a civil committedness ( James, et al 2002 ) . By 1983, twelve provinces required grounds of clear physical danger or an identifiable act to run into the dangerousness criterion. Almost every other had included it as one of the standards in its committedness legislative acts. However, the ability of a head-shrinker to foretell a individual s likeliness of going unsafe has been badly challenged by recent surveies. So has the impression that a mentally sick individual is more likely than anyone else to perpetrate an act of force ( Koinange A ; Asakhulu, 2003 ) . A survey conducted by the American Civil Liberties Union concluded that it now seems beyond difference that mental wellness professionals have no particular expertness in foretelling unsafe behaviour either to oneself or to others. In fact, anticipations of dangerousness are incorr ect about 95 per centum of the clip ( Archarya, 2001 ) . Yet many tribunals, irrespective of statutory alterations necessitating the dangerousness standard, continue to presume that mentally sick individuals are unsafe to themselves entirely by virtuousness of their upsets. And many Judgess continue to believe that clinicians are the most appropriate individuals to do recommendations to the tribunal refering committednesss of mentally sick individuals even though their ability to foretell dangerousness is hapless ( Acuda, 2003 ) . Again, different groups of professionals have reacted with different places to the demand that dangerousness be predictable before committedness may be ordered. Most mental wellness professionals have rejected dangerousness as a necessary component for committedness for a assortment of grounds. Many mental wellness professionals believe that dangerousness, as such, is non a clinical concept and that the intent of nonvoluntary hospitalization ( or any intervention mode ) is to supply effectual intervention to mentally ill individuals ( Gichinga, 2003 ) . Some head-shrinkers openly suggest that unsafe patients may non be treatable and are simply utilizing up scarce clip and resources that would be better spent with other types of clients who are conformable to intervention. Still others assert that there are many earnestly mentally sick individuals who are treatable and who would non run into the dangerousness standards, but who reject voluntary intervention and therefore travel withou t intervention, though they would hold benefited from such intercessions. Activities This illustration may show the complexness of the protagonism attack for societal workers. An protagonism group was concerned with protecting the confidentiality of colza victims who were being counseled at a Rape Crisis Center housed in a infirmary. They were protesting the pattern of get offing measures straight to the insured party for medical and reding services provided by the colza centre. ( The group was concerned because in many instances the female victim was non the individual responsible for the medical insurance payment. In such instances, the infirmary s measure would be sent to a hubby or male parent, whom the victim may non hold told about the colza ) ( Gichinga, 2003 ) . The advocators assumed that the charge process was the duty of the infirmary and therefore aimed a letter-writing run at that mark. Later it was learned that the charge process had been designed by the infirmary s medical insurance bearer and non the infirmary. The infirmary was an wrong mark and shou ld non hold been the focal point of the scheme if the advocators were traveling to convey about their coveted alteration. Concentrating on a determination shaper who does non hold the ability to convey about the coveted alteration is clearly an unsuccessful scheme to accomplish the ends the protagonism group seeks. And possibly every bit of import, it may hold damaging effects to the repute of the protagonism group that has expended attempt and energy futilely ( Dhadphale et Al. 1983 ) . Obviously no scheme, nevertheless orderly, can convey about a coveted alteration if the mark selected is unable to make what is being requested ( or even demanded ) . A important undertaking in specifying a job is to detect who is chiefly responsible for the continuance of the job. Who or what ( in the instance of Torahs and policies ) is responsible for the state of affairs as it is ; and who or what has the power to convey about a alteration? This important constituent of the job work outing procedure in protagonism is often glossed over and groups assume they know where the venue of control lies ( McGuiness, et al 2005 ) . Frequently, they are wrong. Frequently, good schemes fail because the purpose is on the incorrect mark. Policy Models for Successful Advocacy Gichinga, ( 2003 ) describes six distinguishable policy theoretical accounts which he contends one must take among if one is to choose an intercession scheme that will win. The first, called the institutional theoretical account, focuses on policy as the end product of governmental establishments. For illustration, an organisation seeking to alter a policy must cognize if the policy is a province policy, a county policy, or an administrative edict. After determining that important information, protagonism attempts can so concentrate on the structural agreements that are presently promoting that degree of institutional end product, and alter them in order to convey about structural degree alterations. In contrast, Dye s 2nd theoretical account, called the procedure theoretical account, focuses on the existent inside informations of the determination devising activities. Who really makes the determination that is of importance to the protagonism group? The inquiry now is, who is doing the policy and why is s/he making it that manner? What type of information is needed to convert the policy shaper ( or his or her mention group ) to see doing a alteration? ( Koinange A ; Asakhulu, 2003 ) Interpersonal influencing, persuasion, lobbying and attesting at legislative commission hearings, carry oning studies, composing studies, and assemblage and describing out informations are successful techniques when intercessions and schemes are being designed to alter determinations. The group theory theoretical account sees intergroup relationships as the key to job work outing. The focal point here is on interaction between political groups and the persons with shared involvements who have coalesced for political intents ( Okatcha, et al 2003 ) . Strategies that construct a strong political base of citizens are normally successful in conveying about coveted alteration. But others see an elect theory theoretical account as the most accurate portraiture of American policy theoretical accounts for political protagonism. Elite theory positions public policy as mostly determined by the penchants and values of a really little and powerful regulating elite ( Ndirangu, 2006 ) . Merely when these elite see a alteration to be in its opportunism will alter occur. Thus schemes include happening a self-interested ground for the elite to accept ( or better yet support ) the coveted alteration. The most often studied theoretical account among pupils of policy analysis is the rational or efficiency theoretical account. This theoretical account assumes that policy devising is a rational and logical procedure. After all of the costs and benefits of every option have been calculated, assessed and considered, the best option is rationally chosen ( Gichinga, 2003 ) . Whether this is possible in the existent universe and how close analysts can come to retroflexing the ideal is a major argument in the field. The spread between the analysis on paper and the political worlds of really acquiring the needed information and implementing the best option is the major drawback with this theoretical account ( James, et al 2002 ) . And eventually, the incremental theoretical account of policy alteration sees public policy as mostly a continuance of past policies marked merely by little incremental alterations that seldom change the general way of the position quo. This theoretical account is conservative and merely marginally antiphonal to the unfairnesss that exist in society, but is the least hazardous, normally the least expensive, and the most politically expedient. While there are many theoretical accounts of societal policy and societal action in the literature, there are comparatively few for the advocator. One job is that there is a hapless degree of job conceptualisation for the advocator to work with. If a job is non defined clearly, equal analysis is virtually impossible and any resulting schemes are improbable to be successful ( Ndirangu, 2006 ) . Whereas the job in the colza centre illustration cited antecedently was comparatively simple, advocators find that exactly specifying the job they are wor king on is normally much more complex. Every societal job may be understood from a assortment of positions. The implicit in cause of a societal job may be multifaceted, so that one political analysis and a different economic analysis may both be right. Albeit, the logical scheme designed to convey about alteration will differ harmonizing to the position chosen ( Dhadphale et Al. 1983 ) . Every component of the advocator s program hinges on the first measure the definition of the job. If several protagonism groups use different job conceptualisations, they will develop different intercession schemes that may later vie with one another and work against their chief intent. A authoritative societal work illustration may be seen in the battle for licencing professional societal workers ( Koinange A ; Asakhulu, 2003 ) . Many provinces succeeded in set uping enfranchisement or licensing for societal workers at a clip when private pattern societal work was turning and occupations in the populace sector were shriveling. Therefore, licensing was seen as a method to see a high criterion of professional pattern and a manner to protect clients. However, as the demand for societal workers grew in specific Fieldss such as kid protective services and corrections, licensing was seen as an hindrance to enrolling needed workers ( well-trained or non ) and therefore some people from the public sector began to oppose licensing as a restrictive hiring pattern ( Koinange, 2006 ) . What is the true definition of the job? The demand for bettering the quality of societal service through good trained and certified societal workers, or the demand to engage staff to carry on t he important and frequently times mandated public societal services required in a province? Depending on the definition of the job and the opportunism of the group specifying the issue, different places, schemes, and intercessions will be offered. Specifying the major jobs of people with serious mental unwellnesss has become a major obstruction for the several protagonism groups interested in their issues ( Koinange, 2006 ) . Decision Psychologists and professional counsellors do non prosecute callings in societal services because wage for psychotherapeutics in Kenya is by and large non rather comparative to the work load and in comparing to what others are paid in similar businesss ( Gichinga, 2003 ) . Merely those who manage to procure occupations with international NGOs and U.N. bureaus in Kenya receive wages that are commensurate with their work load and makings. Most of these organisations and bureaus hire psychologists and professional counsellors who have maestro s grades and above. Another ground that so few psychologists and professional counsellors choose to offer psychotherapeutics may be that Kenya has no national, regional, or local regulating organic structure to modulate professional pattern, specifically through a codification of moralss or guidelines for the proviso of services ( Wrenn, 1962 ) .. As it stands today, the profession is at hazard for maltreatments to happen. However, there are by Tor ahs and ethical guidelines put forth by single psychological and reding associations to modulate the behavior and professional patterns of their ain members. Members pay rank and subscription fees to fall in these associations. There are benefits to this agreement because members have a common codification of moralss to follow ; they portion information and instruction on assorted issues of concern to their professional pattern ; they have a stronger voice when it comes to advocacy and making consciousness of certain countries such as HIV/AIDS ( Koinange, 2006 ) ; and they have a registered organic structure to back up them in instance of legal jobs with clients and the tribunals. The professional pattern of psychological science in Kenya has been constrained by a figure of issues, such as the deficiency of statute law regulating the criterions of preparation in psychological science and a licensing board to modulate professional pattern, and irregular support to keep the viability of establishments and organisations, which may explicate why so few work in these scenes ( Ndirangu, 2006 ) . At the Agha Khan Hospital, psychologists are presently responsible for two caseloads of patients ; there is short supply of competent and experient psychologists and professional counsellors. As stated in the overview, many counsellors are non adequately equipped to react efficaciously to more terrible psychosocial crises that arise in the community ( Gichinga, 2003 ) . As a consequence, there is misgiving in certain quarters about the profession. If the subject and profession of psychological science are to function Kenya more efficaciously, they must turn to a figure of is sues. A codification of ethical rules and behavior at the national degree every bit good as statute law designed to modulate preparation and professional pattern must be formed. Low-cost Internet services for psychologists and psychological science pupils must go a precedence. Through the information super-highway, psychologists and psychological science pupils will hold entree to modern-day literature on psychological theory, research, and pattern every bit good as have chances to intercede with psychologists in other states via their professional associations. Information engineering will hold an progressively of import function to play in guaranting that Kenyan psychologists are prepared to run into the challenges of the twenty-first century. The hereafter of mental wellness protagonism in Kenya looks optimistic.

Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race - Essay Example Beliefs surrounding this concept maintained that this chain was created by God and was very close to God in terms of perfection. This paper will seek to bring out issues regarding race which range from its history to current views. It will also give an insight as to whether there is need to replace the term â€Å"race† with something else like â€Å"ethnicity†. The etymology of the word â€Å"race† indicates that the term means common descent. Intellectual analysis on the book opines that the Europeans sought to define the term race at the Age of Enlightenment as a biological concept. However, as time went by, scholars tried to define and classify race into types, origins, and correlations (Spiller 45). Concerted efforts by Ember, Peregrine, and Ember show that biomedical researchers, as well as forensic anthropologists, collected and analyzed information on populations and individuals and established that race denotes distinctions which are scientifically practi cal (Ember, Ember, & Peregrine 97). In view of Hippocrates and many other thinkers, factors like climate and geography held a very significant place in shaping the physical appearance of different people. Ideally, the 19th century naturalists made attempts that changed race from taxonomy into a biological concept using anthropometrics. ... time, social conservatives exacerbated their belief and maintained that certain races portrayed innate inferiority after examining their shortcomings. A number of scientists claimed that they could determine the race of certain population or an individual by evaluating the subject’s DNA or genes. On the other end, the largest number of scientists understood that race was a social construct. These scientists believed that certain phonotypical expressions of individuals were useful in determining their race (Napolitano 128). Language, culture, and environment also played a primary role in shaping the behavioral characteristics of an individual and they were of great importance in determining the race of that individual (Ember, Ember, & Peregrine 112). The current views expressed by different people regarding race are different and overwhelming. The authors of this book mention that publications based on race as the subject receive uncomfortable facts, especially with reference t o race differences and intelligence. Academic research point out that, as of today, many people including intellectuals and mainstream journalists become highly emotional when they come across race related debates (Todorova 26). This means that many historic events revolving around race are always rather disappointing. Other archival resources reveal that different authors, co-authors, and liberals, as well as conservatives, admit that the subject of intelligence and race should hedge out, disqualified, and rendered meaningless. Black multiculturalists describe white people as mean and cold by ascertaining that they like manipulating things. On the other side, the same multiculturalists paint black people as empathetic because they entertain love. This difference in IQ colors the existing views

Definition of Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Definition of Buddhism - Essay Example 500 B.C. on the basis of pantheistic Brahminism. The speculations of the Vedanta school of religious thought, in the eighth and following centuries, B.C., gave rise to several rival schemes of salvation" (Definition of Buddhism n.d.). Things might appear to be solid and self-existing, but with the development of the insight gained through meditation one discovered that this was not so. Also, Buddhists believe that the Buddha's death is only an illusion and that he remains accessible to suffering humanity. Sunyata, one of the central concepts, means emptiness and it is the logical development of the earlier Buddhist concept that the human being does not possess an enduring soul and that all things were conditioned by preexisting conditions (New Oxford American Dictionary 2001). The four Noble Truths are (1) life is suffering, (2) the origin of suffering is attachment, (3) there is an end of sufferings, (4) there is path out of suffering (Buddhism Information and Education Network 2007). Believers suppose that the first of these is that life is, in its essence, unsatisfactory. The second of these is the idea that the unsatisfactoriness of the world stem from the constant cravings which arises in the human being and from ignorance of the true nature of reality. The third Noble Truth is that this need not be the fate of all human beings, and that there is a way to cease being enslaved to this unsatisfactory world. The final Noble Truth is that the way to cessation of bondage to the world lay in the Eightfold Path. The eight components of this path of liberation are 1) right (i.e. correct or proper) viewpoint, 2) right intention, 3) right speech, 4) right actions, 5) right livelihood, 6) right effort, 7) right mindfulness, and 8) right concentration (Buddhism Information and Education Network 2007).. Here, encapsulated in a very few easy to remember steps, lies the entire Buddhist plan for salvation. When examined more closely this list divides into three separate parts. The first part, right viewpoint and right intention, relates to the underlying core of one's understanding of the nature of reality. In order for his program of liberation to be effective, the Buddha knew that its practitioners had to change fundamentally the way in which they perceived the world. In old tradition, this was the purpose of right viewpoint, an orientation away from the understanding of the world as made up of material things that were acted upon, and toward an understanding of the world as a series of constantly changing and interacting processes. From this new understanding of the world came the second step on the Eightfold Path, right intention. This was achieved when the individual decided that the Buddhist analysis of existence was correct and determin ed to follow the Buddhist plan for salvation. This meant acting in a benevolent, non-harmful manner and practicing the steps of the Eightfold Path (Definition of Buddhism n.d.). The next three steps on the Eightfold Path were designed to take the insights gained from the first two steps and to put them into practice in the world. Right speech, as its name implies, was based on a proper use of speech, but it really involves the entire way in which human beings interact with one another. Thus one was enjoined not to lie, not to slander, not to backbite, not, in a word, to say (or presumably even