College Pressures By William Zinsser - 1221 Words

Numerous college students today feel like they are not adequate enough. So much is put on their plate, and above it all, in order to keep moving forward academically towards a career, they must prove themselves. This idea is explored in â€Å"College Pressures† by William Zinsser. He talks about why students are driven to try so vigorously in order to earn a step ahead, but the reasoning is arguable. One of the main struggles among college students today is that they are required to compete against one another to appear exceptional. In frequent cases, students are trying so vigorous to look favorable on paper in order to be accepted into a prestigious school or to be hired to a higher-paying job. Students are required to compete against each other in order to obtain scholarships. It is commonly known that the better grades you earn in school, the more likely it is for you to earn a scholarship at all, and even then, you may secure one that offers more money. This stems from a belief that higher grades mean a higher rate of success, but this is not always the case. Scholarships are also limited in quantity, so if students want to pay as little for college as possible, they must be the first one to place their foot in the door in order to even receive the scholarship. In addition to having to keep up with schoolwork and, for thousands of high school students, jobs, a myriad also participate in extracurricular activities. Being part of an extracurricular activity can showShow MoreRelatedCollege Pressures By William Zinsser939 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å" College Pressures,† William Zinsser discusses four types of pressures college students go through. Even though he wrote this in 1978, college students today still experience all four of the pressures. The four pressures Zinsser discusses are economic, parental, peer, and self-induced. Today’s college students are becoming more and more disconnected with their passions and are being thrown into the world of practicality. College should be a place of experimentation and discovery, but insteadRead MoreCollege Pressures By William Zinsser1346 Words   |  6 PagesStudents Facing Obstacle During College Life During the college life students have to deal with different types of obstacles. In the article, â€Å"College Pressures† William Zinsser focuses on the pressure faced by the college students. He talks about how the students are dealing with economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. College students are worried about getting high paid jobs and being rich instead of relaxing and enjoying now. Zinsser claims that students are worriedRead MoreCollege Pressures And Eric Greiten s The Heart And The Fist974 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, there is a stigma that one needs a college education to be successful. Due to these overwhelming societal pressures, college students encounter numerous challenges. Two authors who explore these challenges are William Zinsser in his article â€Å"College Pressures† and Eric Greiten in his book â€Å"The Heart and the Fist†. Both Zinsser and Greitens consider the everyday struggle s that college students face. While discussing the same topics, the authors use different writing styles andRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Students1280 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the 2015 National College Health Assessment, over 85% of college students have felt stressed or overwhelmed in the last year. As an undergraduate, I am fully aware of the pressure we, as students, feel. We are a machines, constantly trying to balance studying, our classes, working, having a social life, and preparing for our future. And we are still expected to get eight hours of sleep every night? I know first hand how this feels. I wake up early every morning, go to class, spend countlessRead MoreFlaws Of The Education System917 Words   |  4 Pages Flaws in our Education Brent Staples wrote Why Colleges Shower Their Students with A’s† to show the flaws in the education system with teachers giving unfair grades to students. Similarly, William Zinsser wrote â€Å"College Pressures† to show how colleges are putting unnecessary stress on their students. While it is important to draw attention to these problems, it is also necessary to find solutions as well. Bringing the issues to the public knowledge is only the first step in correctingRead MoreCollege Pressures Affect Our Lives1212 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Pressures College pressures dominate our lives. They begin to levitate around us and slowly derail our lives. William Zinsser elaborates about the college pressures that modern generations are facing. He reveals multiple commonalities that the typical college student encounters on a daily basis. Zinsser states, â€Å"They want a map-right now-that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, social security, and presumably, a prepaid grave† (12). He is spot on, the pressuresRead MoreTaking A Lot Out Of College Students969 Words   |  4 PagesHaving pressures in today’s world is not an uncommon occurrence that can take a lot out of college students. These things continue to affect students in this day and world of today because of how common and easy it is to happen such as wanting to achieve a higher GPA, make our parents proud, and trying to make the payments needed. There are many different scenarios in which they can feel burdened by things happening related to their education but they all fall into one of the four categories beginningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Narrative The Twelve By Sandra Cisneros863 Words   |  4 PagesIn the duration of this English class we have read multiple essays. The essays include a short story, â€Å"Eleven† by Sandra Cisneros whose main idea that there is not a correlation between age and emotional evolution. â€Å"College Pressures† by William Zinsser argues that college students are under excessive stress to plan their future and succeed. The narrative, â€Å"Mother Tongue†, by Amy Tan focuses on the variants in the universal English dialect which is based on one’s background. â€Å"Indian Education† byRead MoreEssay on Is College Worth our Time and Effort?874 Words   |  4 Pagesearned a college degree to get their high-level job that requires years of learning and preparation to acquire, such as a doctor or a programmer. With colleges, students have a mean s of landing that dream job of theirs or maybe discover that they had a passion for a different kind of career instead. Although, many students have to endure years of stress and pressure in college before they can get their degree or figure out what they want to do for a living. In William Zinsser’s essay, â€Å"College PressuresRead MoreEssay on Stress in College: What Causes it and How to Combat it2513 Words   |  11 Pages Many first year college students face problems as they enter a new educational environment that is very different than that of high school. However, the common problem is that many first year students become stressed. For many students, college is supposed to be the most fun time of their life; however, their fun can be restricted if it is limited by stress and other mental illnesses. According to the National Health Ministries (2006), stress is caused by â€Å"greater academic demands

Cosmetic Surgery Plastic Surgery - 1836 Words

When you look in the mirror what do you see? Is it an image that you are satisfied with or is it an image that you would like to change? â€Å"85 percent of women and 72 percent of men are unhappy with at least one aspect of their appearance, according to research by Dr. Thomas Cash, a psychologist at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va.† (Goleman, 1991). I know many of you have heard of cosmetic surgery, also known as â€Å"plastic surgery†. Many people have considered cosmetic surgery in order to feel better about their self. This topic really interested me because I know there are many different viewpoints on it. What I wanted to focus on most is how the media portrays cosmetic surgery, how they portray women, the pros and cons of cosmetic surgery, the cost, and ways that we can get more people to be comfortable in their own skin so that they don’t have to resort to things such as cosmetic surgery. One of the biggest influences in the world today is the media. The media have a lot to do with how people think they’re supposed to look and/or act. There are people who will go to extremes to get that ideal â€Å"perfect body† or â€Å"perfect face† without thinking about the consequences that can come along with it. â€Å"The MP’s report said pressure to look good had pushed up cosmetic surgery rates by nearly 20% since 2008.† (Roxby, 2014) The way the media praise some of the celebrities that have gotten surgery also makes people feel like it’s the â€Å"new thing† which makes it seem okay. â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedPlastic Surgery : Cosmetic And Cosmetic Surgery879 Words   |  4 PagesI) Definition Cosmetic and plastic surgery According to the merriam-Webster website, plastic surgery is another common word for Cosmetic Surgery which means, in general, a type of operation to improve parts of the body. The medical term of Plastic Surgery comes from Greek in 1638. Cosmetic is a type of ornamental surgery which helps patients to reform and rebuild part or demonstrative of their body in order to embellish their appearance and be beautiful. The defect for that could be congenitalRead MoreCosmetic Plastic Surgery : Cosmetic Surgery994 Words   |  4 PagesOther failures related to cosmetic plastic surgery are often linked to the use of Botox. For instance, e all know or have seen this one person who has received an excess of Botox injections and ended up having unnaturally, protruding cheeks. Although using Botox is nonsurgical, it is still classified as cosmetic plastic surgery because it restrains our muscles from carrying out any movement. Many people believe that since this process does not involve cutting t hrough a patient’s skin, it does entailRead MorePlastic Surgery And Cosmetic Surgery1496 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery has become an extremely popular trend throughout the past years of the American culture. There are many reasons why people get plastic surgery, however, our society is the first to judge an individual for getting a procedure done. The controversy regarding plastic surgery is extremely relevant and has received major attention through celebrities, television, and social media. However, many individuals are unaware that there is a difference between both plastic surgery and cosmeticRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Plastic Surgery2001 Words   |  9 Pages In most sources about cosmetic surgery, they explain the good or bad about it and also give examples of people that have gone through cosmetic surgery. For most people that go through cosmetic surgery, it takes around 6 months for the swelling to go down and for most of the scars to heal and begin to go away. The majority of people that have an opinion of cosmetic surgery, think that it’s the worst part of the new society and feels like the people that get the procedure done are weak and are easilyRead MorePlastic Surgery And Cosmetic Surgery2042 Words   |  9 PagesPlastic Surgery In today’s culture, plastic surgery has become very popular in this society. When people think of plastic surgery, they think of cosmetic surgery. Although both plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery deal with enhancing a person’s body, the training, research, and the goals for patients are different. Therefore, both specialties are entirely different from one another. According to the American Board of Cosmetic Surgery, Plastic Surgery is defined as a surgical specialty dedicatedRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Plastic Surgery And Teenagers2046 Words   |  9 PagesAccording to â€Å"Plastic Surgery Teenagers†, â€Å"teenagers who want to have plastic surgery usually have different motivations and goals than adults† (â€Å"Plastic Surgery For Teenagers Briefing Paper†). Thus, meaning that most young adults get cosmetic surgery, which is the reshaping of body parts to improve their physical characteristics. However, changing your physical appearance ju st because you want to or do not feel pretty enough should not be the case of spending all that money and time on a non-maturedRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Plastic Surgery Capital Of The World893 Words   |  4 PagesMany people know that South Korea is known as the plastic surgery capital of the world. Plastic surgery was once a major taboo in Korea, where those who have gotten it done would be looked down upon on by family and friends, but now the pursuit of perfection has made cosmetic surgery much more popular and open to the public. About one in five women in Korea would have some kind of plastic surgery done, and many neighborhoods and subway stations are lined with advertisements and billboards to promoteRead MoreThe Use Of Modern Plastic Surgery And Cosmetic Surgery1468 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern plastic surgery has evolved from a procedure used to provide treatment for disfiguring facial of the soldiers during WWI into a slave of modern beauty culture, more commonly k nown as â€Å"cosmetic surgery† (Gillies H, 1920). Although, the term â€Å"plastic surgery† and â€Å"cosmetic surgery† are used interchangeably, they are intrinsically different. On one hand, cosmetic surgery aims to enhance a patient’s appearance, which can be performed in all areas such as breasts, nose of body shape. Plastic surgeryRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Plastic, Reconstructive Surgeries Have The Word `` Surgery906 Words   |  4 PagesCosmetic, plastic, reconstructive surgeries have the word â€Å" surgery† in them, so there are risks go together with them. No surgical procedure is a hundred percent safe. Actually, several surgeries in this area are major surgeries; they are a not all minor surgeries like many people think. According the department of surgery of University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester in New York, â€Å"Breast reconstruction is major surgery, with the risks, discomforts, and recuperation period of most major surgeryRead MoreAmerican Teen Cosmetic And Plastic Surgery1432 Words   |  6 Pages American Teen Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Plastic and cosmetic surgeries have become a persisting issue in The United States, with the steady advancement of social media and technology being exposed to teens, many are falling victims to the country’s perception of standard beauty and resorting towards surgical procedures features that are not considered to be attractive among the general public. The United States makes it very easy for teens to proceed

support of a Significant Technology Decision

Question: Discuss about the support of a Significant Technology Decision. Answer: Introduction The objective of the paper is to understand the various risk perspectives in the above mentioned situation. Integrated risk management enables simplification, automation and integration of strategic, operational and IT risk management processes and data. Risk management solutions are an increasing area of focus for most organizations, as risk profile complexity and interconnected relationships grow explosively. In fact, according to a 2016 survey of risk executives by the Risk and Insurance Management Society, 74% of respondents state that their ability to forecast critical risks will be more difficult in three years. Moreover, the leading obstacle to forecasting critical risks noted by these executives is the continued lack of cross-organization collaboration (Galliers, 2014). To understand the full scope of risk, organizations require a comprehensive view across all business units and risk and compliance functions, as well as key business partners, suppliers and outsourced entities. As a result, new technology solutions are emerging to increase the collaborative nature of risk management, both within and external to an organization. IT risks are those within the scope and responsibility of IT, the IT department or IT dependencies that create uncertainty in business activity. ITRM solutions automate IT risk assessments, policy management, control mapping and reporting, security operations analysis and reporting, and incident management (Haimes, 2015). Risk management is an increasing area of focus for most organizations, as risk profile complexity and interconnected relationships grow explosively. According to a 2016 survey of risk executives by the Risk and Insurance Management Society, 74% of respondents state that their ability to forecast critical risks will be more difficult in three years. Moreover, the leading obstacle to forecasting critical risks noted by these executives is the continued lack of cross-organization collaboration (Neves, 2014). To understand the full scope of risk, organizations require a comprehensive view across all business units and risk and compliance functions, as well as key business partners, suppliers and outsourced entities. As a result, new technology solutions are emerging to increase the collaborative nature of risk management, both within and external to the organization. Over the past decade, risk management programs have matured to focus on more than just compliance and on the interconnected nature of operational risk across an enterprise. Gartner defines this approach to risk management as integrated risk management (IRM). IRM is a set of practices and processes supported by a risk-aware culture and enabling technologies that improve decision making and performance through an integrated view of how well an organization manages its unique set of risks (Haimes, 2015). Review of the industry solutions First, to assess and mitigate the widening array of digital risks, you need the right framework. This is especially true with the growing complexity around third-party and vendor risk management as well as the proliferation of cloud technology deployments. Gartner's research will not only focus on methods to assess these risks, but also risk treatment alternatives like cyberinsurance. New leaders in digital risk also need the right metrics to make better business decisions by linking risk and performance. Risk metrics can also be used to direct audit and compliance resources to focus on the right areas rather than succumbing to the dreaded "check-the-box" syndrome. Gartner's research focus in 2017 will include views on how companies can link risk management and corporate performance management via metrics. Using key risk indicators tied to key performance indicators, business leaders can deploy risk management resources to areas that will have the greatest impact on the future success of the business (Galliers, 2014). Finally, to support your efforts to manage these new risks, you need the right systems. Gartner will explore the current trends for use of IRM solutions in areas such as legal, e-discovery and operational risk management. Gartner will also discuss new and future trends around the evolution of digital risk management technology. Without a full understanding of the implications of how risks impact the performance of business units and individuals in meeting their goals, the entire company will have difficulty meeting its long-term strategic objectives. Companies must explicitly identify how risk influences the behavior and ability of individuals in achieving their goals. Gartner developed its business risk model to help companies define leading risk indicators as a way to focus efforts on high-value activities (Sadgrove, 2016). This model can be fully implemented in four to six weeks, and provides a mechanism for companies to answer the following questions: What risk metrics should the company utilize to improve decision making and, more importantly, to position the company to achieve its performance goals? How can key risk indicators be used to adjust the key performance indicators to inform better decision making? Where do IT key risk indicators map to business process objectives and controls? Changes in the security position and assessment While technology is often viewed as a panacea for risk management challenges, it is most useful and cost-effective when deployed as an enabler of a well-defined program. Too often, companies will overengineer the supporting risk management processes based on a particular IRM solution, resulting in greater bureaucracy and wasted investment. Using Gartner's IRM pace-layering methodology and related Magic Quadrants, Critical Capabilities and Market Guides, you can identify and implement the right systems to address the following questions: What risk-related technologies are required to fully comprehend a company's dynamic risk profile? How can purpose-built IRM solutions that serve different risk and compliance domains be integrated to form a cohesive solution portfolio? What are the common risk assessment and data needs for comprehensive risk management across the enterprise? Where can I find the right systems to enable my risk management program in an integrated way While technology is often viewed as a panacea for risk management challenges, it is most useful and cost-effective when deployed as an enabler of a well-defined program. Too often, companies will overengineer the supporting risk management processes based on a particular IRM solution, resulting in greater bureaucracy and wasted investment. Using Gartner's IRM pace-layering methodology and related Magic Quadrants, Critical Capabilities and Market Guides, you can identify and implement the right systems to address the following questions: What risk-related technologies are required to fully comprehend a company's dynamic risk profile? How can purpose-built IRM solutions that serve different risk and compliance domains be integrated to form a cohesive solution portfolio? What are the common risk assessment and data needs for comprehensive risk management across the enterprise? Key Challenges In many organizations, security and security risk governance practices are still immature, and they often lack executive support and business participation. Many organizations struggle to establish clear accountability and authority, which are key prerequisites for effective, risk-based security decision making. The increasing adoption of digital business strategies has resulted in citizen IT initiatives that challenge conventional security and security risk governance practices. Recommendations Security and risk management leaders responsible for information security management programs should: Implement governance processes and activities that support accountability, authority, risk management and assurance. Institute governance roles and forums that will support decision making and oversight. Ensure that the right people, with appropriate authority to make governance decisions, are involved in the governance processes and forums. Implement Governance Processes and Activities That Support Accountability, Authority, Risk Management and Assurance The single most important goal of the governance function is to establish and manage clear accountability and decision rights for the protection of the enterprise's information resources. Without this, security policies will be ineffective, security processes will fail, moral hazards will prevail and risks will not be controlled. Set and Manage Accountability and Decision Rights The principle of owner accountability must be documented in an enterprise security charter ultimate accountability for protecting the enterprise's information resources and, by implication, its business processes and outcomes, rests with the business owners of the information resources. The biggest security weaknesses are often inherent in weak business processes, and these present major risks to the information and to business outcomes. The ESC must establish that the resource owners have the authority to make the risk-based decisions required to fulfill their accountability. Resource owners are typically business process, application and data owners (i.e., the roles that own the security risk). When clear business resource ownership cannot be identified (e.g., in cases of shared information and infrastructure), the accountability, risk ownership and associated authority must be vested with the CIO, or another central function, such as the COO (Haimes, 2015). The detailed accountability and decision rights for the security and risk processes should be documented and communicated through the use of responsible, accountable, consulted and informed (RACI) charts. The ESC must also provide a clear mandate for establishing and managing an information/cybersecurity program, including determining its scope. This mandate typically vests the chief information security officer (CISO) with the responsibility and authority to run the program. Digital business transformation provides new challenges to security and risk governance, and it is imperative that the six principles of trust and resilience in digital business are also captured in the ESC. One practical manifestation of the accountability and decision rights for security risk is the policy management process and framework that the resource owners, CIOs and CISOs must use to implement their risk control decisions. The CISO is responsible for defining a security policy hierarchy and process that will make this as easy and effective as possible. Another practical manifestation of accountability is the structure of the security organization. There is no single best-practice template for the security organization; however, from a governance perspective, it is important to optimally balance the assurance, strategic and operational processes and tasks in a practical organizational model. In the context of digital business, the onus is on senior leadership to invest in developing and recruiting the new skills required for such processes as agile and Mode 2 development, which increasingly integrate operational technology and the Internet of Things (Schneider, 2014). Decide Acceptable Risk The second major goal of the governance function is to decide levels of acceptable risk. This entails empowering the resource owners, the CIO and the CISO with the context, skills and resources to perform appropriate risk assessments. Based on the results of these assessments, the resource owners must decide how much risk is acceptable, as well as how to deal with the unacceptable risk at a defined cost. The risk treatment plan must then be approved by the relevant governance body and formalized in policies and appropriate controls. In a digital business environment, this implies that all the relevant parties understand and can deal with the potentially conflicting risk appetites inherent in both agile and Mode 2 projects. An important element of managing risk it to understand that individual resource owners might have different risk appetites, and that these could conflict with the formal corporate risk appetite or with the risk appetites of other resource owners. Hence, a key governance function is to implement and manage a process to arbitrate among conflicting risk appetites. Typical conflicts that require arbitrations include situations in which: A resource owner believes he or she has a valid business reason for requesting exemption from existing policy or control requirements for an application or system. Different resource owners have different risk appetites hence, different security control requirements for their systems, even though these systems will share infrastructure. The prevalence of this type of conflict increases in organizations embracing digital business development strategies. A business owner may be willing to accept a risk, but the risk exceeds the enterprise's risk appetite. Enable Risk Control The third governance goal is to enable effective risk control within a context of limited financial and human resources. The key enabler for effective risk control is to establish: A formal security program that implements and operates the security controls. In too many organizations, these security programs look to implement controls for the sake of having controls (often guided by some arbitrarily selected control framework), rather than understanding the real risk context. Although the security team is typically responsible for the practical implementation and operation of most security controls, the governance function must ensure the proper prioritization of security investments, based on the criteria of expected risk reduction, the resource requirements and the expected time to value of the respective projects in the roadmap. A strategic planning capability that enables the organization to develop and refine a roadmap of investments that recognizes continuous change in the business, technology and threat environments. The increased velocity associated with digital business means that organizations are increasing the frequency (and decreasing the planning horizons) of their strategic planning activities. In the past, enterprises commonly developed security strategy plans with three- to five-year horizons every three years; however, most now have an annual plan with a two- to three-year planning horizon. More-mature organizations are formalizing a quarterly review of their security strategies to make timely adjustments, based on changes in the business, technology and threat environments. Assure Control Effectiveness The fourth governance goal is to assure control effectiveness. This typically entails periodic policy and control compliance assessments, including evaluating the retained risk and deciding whether additional remedial investment is required. This function also includes ensuring that prescribed security controls are integrated into new applications or infrastructure projects, before they are accepted into production. Finally, this entails collecting appropriate metrics operational and assurance metrics. They should be reported regularly to the security governance bodies and to executive leadership. Institute Appropriate Governance Roles and Forums Security accountability is often neglected or misunderstood. Organizations often view the CISO as the single, accountable role for the security posture of an organization. However, mature organizations understand that the accountability for the security and risk position of the organization rests with the senior executives who are ultimately responsible for the resources and business processes that support the organization's business outcomes. The CISO is accountable for identifying security risks and for implementing security controls; however, the governance function, as typically represented by an enterprise security steering committee, is ultimately accountable for setting the security and risk direction of the organization and ensuring that the CISO has the required resources. The CISO is also responsible for ensuring that the responsible executives make prudent decisions, but the executives themselves are accountable for those decisions. Although leading organizations understand this and have accountability models that implement a chain of responsibility that aligns with this approach, Gartner speaks with many organizations that have more-traditional approaches in which the CISO bears a large, if not complete, degree of responsibility and accountability, often without the necessary resources and authority. Setting such an accountability model in written form in the ESC and via a RACI chart can clarify the requirement s expected from the role players. Midlevel Forums Large organizations often attempt to achieve scalability in their governance processes by instituting midlevel counsels or committees. Typically, the primary focus of such forums is to provide local governance in decentralized or federated enterprises. In organizations that have experienced issues with participation and support for information security, such additional layers of governance can contribute to greater levels of buy-in. The main activities are to agree on local security policies and standards, to monitor localized security projects, to act as local representatives of the executive sponsor and the corporate steering committee, and to report back to these functions on general policy compliance and emerging issues (McNeil, 2015). In as much as the adoption of digital business strategies is driven from within the business units, rather than from central IT, regional forums can play an effective role in governing citizen IT projects. Membership typically consists of the CISO, regional and midlevel business managers, and local IT management. These forums generally meet monthly. Cyber/Information Security Teams Although security teams typically have management and operational responsibilities, a sizable part of the functions of these teams is oversight (i.e., they "ensure," rather than manage or execute). Such functions include the development of security policy, the oversight of IT projects (including risk assessments), and policy compliance scanning and monitoring. The team also acts as an initiator and consolidator of governance reporting functions. Ensure That the Right People Are Involved in Governance Activities Common governance mistakes include: Populating the governance forum with IT and/or security staff, leading to security and risk decisions that do not reflect the organization's business needs Allowing senior staff to send delegates to attend meetings, which leads to moribund committees that are either unwilling or unable to set direction and make difficult, unpopular or expensive decisions. The effectiveness of information security and risk governance depends heavily on the profiles and attitudes of the people involved in the governance bodies and processes. Participants must have the authority to make decisions, commensurate with the scope of the relevant forum or function, on behalf of the constituencies that they represent. Although participants might occasionally have to defer to their line management on major decisions, they should be able to decide on most issues without resorting to this. One pitfall to avoid is having appointed members of committees regularly (or permanently) delegate attendance at these forums to their juniors. One way to avert this is to have a rule that absence or delegation to a junior implies agreement with all tabled decisions in other words, there is no right of veto in absentia or by a delegate, unless the member is on approved leave or travel. Furthermore, committee members must fully "buy into" the objectives of the respective committees (making committee membership a formal job specification requirement might help). Without the right profiles and attitudes of members, governance forums have the tendency to develop into ineffective debating societies. Risk management is an explicit recognition that there is no such thing as perfect protection. When dealing with cloud computing risk, organizations must make conscious decisions regarding what they will and will not do to mitigate cloud risks. An effective risk acceptance process must work in conjunction with the stakeholders in the non-IT parts of the business, ensuring that they can express the anticipated benefits of every cloud use case. Every business decision presents residual risk that must be accepted. Even some very significant risks may be worth the business gain. The risk stakeholders have choices. They can choose to accept more risk with lower security investment, or lower risk with higher security investment. It is a legitimate business decision to accept any level of risk that executive decision makers choose. However, risk acceptance decisions made without an appropriate risk assessment and consideration are not defensible. Accepting Cloud Risk Is OK Defensibility is at the center of success with this model. Are the assertions of risk accurate? Are the trade-offs appropriate? Do you have enough information to make a good and defensible decision? Unfortunately, in many circumstances, these risks do not have supporting quantifiable data similar to the actuarial tables used in the insurance industry. You will have to use imperfect data to guide your decisions. As in any risk scenario, where decisions may need to be explained in the future, follow a consistent internal risk acceptance process, and maintain documentation that explains the underlying assumptions. Organizations that are comfortable with ambiguity, in which individuals are empowered to make risk acceptance decisions without a highly formal business case, will find it easier to take advantage of public computing. Highly risk-averse and bureaucratic organizations often struggle to make nuanced decisions, and are probably not good prospects for putting sensitive use cases into the public cloud. Although it is often less risk-transparent than traditional computing models, public cloud computing is an increasingly useful and appropriate form of computing, and, in some cases, it can have security and control advantages. This risk decision model is about gathering information, weighing options, and making pragmatic decisions based on the best available information. Don't let your security people scare you into missing an opportunity or allow your project managers to proceed without proactively gathering available data. Hold everyone in the process accountable for defending their decisions about security spend, go/no-go and prioritizing their activities. The only real failure is to proceed without a proactive consideration of risk. Once you weigh the alternatives, there is no wrong decision. The guidance for implementing a risk-based approach has been consistent for many years, yet most organizations struggle. An example from the Dutch National Police proves that it can be done effectively, and this approach demonstrably improves decision making and executive engagement. CIOs need to take a risk-based approach to address technology dependencies in the organization that supports business outcomes. This goes beyond technology risk and security, and extends to the support of the IT budget and the business value of IT. CIOs should not just delegate technology risk and cybersecurity to a siloed risk and security team; instead, they should take an active role in developing a risk-engaged culture throughout the IT department and with non-IT stakeholders. The limitations of traditional approaches to technology risk and cybersecurity are evident through the continuous headlines and data breach notification letters. Globally, executives, regulators, auditors, governments and the general public are all rightfully concerned and seeking answers. Certain truths are now evident: Checklists, compliance and baselines don't work. These approaches result in overspend in some areas and underspend in others, and fundamentally ignore the unique requirements of each organization and situation, resulting in poor protection from real threats (Reamer, 2013). There is no such thing as perfect protection. This should be obvious, but many non-IT stakeholders still treat technology risks like a technical problem, handled by technical people, and believe that the right spend, people and technology will solve the problem. Accountability is broken. Many organizations still use accountability to choose who to fire when something goes wrong. This toxic behavior stifles transparent conversations about real solutions to real problems. Address Auditor/Regulator Concerns When Checklists and Baselines Are Abandoned Regulators and internal auditors are challenged with overseeing and judging a system that allows organizations to consciously accept risk. Checklists and baselines are easy to audit, but they do not achieve appropriate levels of protection balanced against the need to run a business. Losing these crutches changes the very nature of third-party oversight, and most internal audit departments and regulators are not prepared for this change. Auditors and regulators hold great power, and if they continue to use outdated methods for oversight, they will hold organizations back. Executives are reluctant to put their careers at stake to accept risk, when it is easier to just do what the auditors and regulators tell them to do. This is a vicious cycle that keeps organizations from appropriately protecting themselves, and it must be broken for progress to be made. The good news is that risk-based approaches are not new, and many regulators and auditors have been working to understand and engage in auditing risk-based approaches. Indeed, most frameworks and regulations mandating cybersecurity have become risk-based. The challenge remains that most auditors and regulators fall back into old checkbox approaches when faced with the responsibility of signing off on someone else's risk acceptance choices. Guidance: CIOs need to move to a risk-based approach for the benefit of their organizations, despite the challenges presented by regulators and internal auditors. Gaining the trust of regulators is a multiyear effort. In the first year that regulators are presented with a risk-based prioritization of controls, they will inevitably reject it. In the second year, they will grudgingly look at it, but maintain their old approach to checking boxes. In the third year, they will learn from the risk-based approach, and begin to develop an eye for defensibility and rigor in a good assessment. CIOs must understand this evolution, remain patient and work with the regulators as they come up to speed. Kleijn points out that CIOs must stand firm in the face of pressure to revert to checkbox approaches or as the Dutch say, "straighten your back." CIOs need to work with their audit committee directly to change this perspective. They need to break the belief cycle that something is not a problem unless audit writes it up. The business value of taking a risk-based approach is clear, but it will take time to change perspectives and create defensibility with good assessment processes and reporting. Reality Check Applying These Lessons in a Large Enterprise These lessons are applicable in every industry public, private and defense. However, they come with significant challenges. It took the Dutch National Police 10 years to instill the culture to implement these processes, but they are experiencing great value, so the results are well worth the journey. Most organizations are not ready to implement a similar process and immediately get the same value. CIOs must apply these lessons over time, and patiently work to change their organization with the long-term support of non-IT executives. References: Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge Haimes, Y. Y. (2015).Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015). Quantitative risk management Neves, S. M., da Silva, C. E. S., Salomon, V. A. P., da Silva, A. F., Sotomonte, B. E. P. (2014). Risk management in software projects through knowledge management techniques: cases in Brazilian incubated technology-based firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), 125-138 Reamer, F. G. (2013). Social work in a digital age: Ethical and risk management challenges.Social work, swt003 Sadgrove, K. (2016).The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge Schneider, E. C., Ridgely, M. S., Meeker, D., Hunter, L. E., Khodyakov, D., Rudin, R., ... Harpel, J. (2014). Promoting patient safety through effective Health Information Technology risk management.Santa Monica, CA: RAND Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning Smith, K. (2013).Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster. Routledge Teller, J., Kock, A., Gemnden, H. G. (2014). Risk management in project portfolios is more than managing project risks: A contingency perspective on risk management.Project Management Journal,45(4), 67-80 Willcocks, L. (2013).Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer Schubert, G. A. (1960).The public interest: A critique of the theory of a political concept. Free Press of Glencoe Mizutani, F., Nakamura, E. (2015).To What Extent Do Public Interest and Private Interest Affect Regulations? An Empirical Investigation of Firms in Japan Through an empirical analysis of firms in Japan, this paper investigates to what extent the public interest and the private interest theories, respectively, explain the actual regulatory process. Our estimation findings are as follows. First, the explanatory power of the public interest theory is higher in non-public utility industries, while that of the private interest theory is ...(No. 2015-21). Kobe University, Graduate School of Business Administration Sanday, P. R. (Ed.). (2014).Anthropology and the public interest: Fieldwork and theory. Academic Press Baudot, L., Roberts, R. W., Wallace, D. M. (2015). An examination of the US public accounting professions public interest discourse and actions in federal policy making.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-18 van Witteloostuijn, A., Esteve, M., Boyne, G. (2016). Public Sector Motivation ad fonts: Personality Traits as Antecedents of the Motivation to Serve the Public Interest.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, muw027 Duhigg, C., Barboza, D. (2012). In China, human costs are built into an iPad.New York Times,25 Hannah, D. R., Robertson, K. (2015). Why and how do employees break and bend confidential information protection rules?.Journal of Management Studies,52(3), 381-413 Heracleous, L., Papachroni, A. (2012). Strategic leadership and innovation at Apple Inc.case study. Coventry: Warwick Business School

Ledership Essay Example

Ledership Essay What is leadership? According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) Leadership is a process of guiding individuals, groups, and entire organization in establishing goals and sustaining action to support goals. What exactly is meant by leadership? There are literally hundreds of definitions about who a leader is and what is considered as leadership. Each definition may vary from one individual to another and may change from one situation to the other. For example we might call an individual a leader because of the persons’ election to the presidency of an institution. Other times we say he/she is not a leader because he/she does not exhibit leadership behaviors expected of the of a leader. In other words, we expected leadership from the legitimate position of the presidency, but when that president does not exhibit leadership behaviors, we say that the president is not a leader. According to Yukl, (2002). The definition of leadership is arbitrary and very subjective. Some definitions are more useful than others, but there is no â€Å"correct† definition. Leadership theories: Theories are most useful for influencing practice when they suggest new ways in which events and situations can be perceived. We will write a custom essay sample on Ledership specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ledership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ledership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fresh insight may be provided by focusing attention on possible interrelationship that the practice has failed to notice, which can be further explored and tested through empirical research. If the result is a better understanding of practice, the theory –practice gap is significantly reduced for those concerned. (Hughes and Bush, 1991, p. 234). The trait theory This theory first surfaced in the writings of early Greeks and Romans and is prevalent today among those who believe that leadership cannot be developed. This theory assumed that leaders has innate traits that made them effective, great leaders were considered to be born with the ability for leadership, so it is either you have leadership qualities or you don’t . According to Shockley – zalabak (2009) theory of leadership, that leaders possessed innate traits that made them effective; is commonly referred to as the â€Å"great man† theory Leadership traits theory is the idea that people are born with certain character trait or qualities and since traits are associated with proficient leadership, it assumes that if you could identify eople with the correct traits, you will be able to identify leaders and people with leadership potential. It is considered that we are born naturally with traits as part of our personality; this theory in summary believes that leaders are born not made Criticism Researches were done to define traits or personality characteristic that best predict the effective leader. List of about eig hty traits or characteristic were gotten but trait approach failed to define clearly a stable set of characteristic associated with effective leadership. Even the concept of what is effective remains open to question. This theory does not prove a comprehensive explanation to how leaders interact with followers and meet the needs of specific circumstances. While truly others can be born leaders, it is incorrect to generalize by saying that leadership traits are in born and unchangeable. It’s true many of our dispositions and tendencies are influenced by our personalities and the way we are born. However, most people recognized that it is possible for someone to change their character trait for the worse. Someone known for being honest can learn to be deceitful, the whole idea of saying someone was â€Å"corrupted† is based on the fact that people can learn bad traits. If people can learn character traits and become different from the way they were born naturally traits can be learnt as well. A person who is prone to being dishonest can learn to be honest. A person who avoids risks can learn to take risk. It may not be easy, but it can be done. STYLE APPROACHES Leadership style approach focuses its attention on the leaders’ behavior. Leadership style is the combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers: (Lussier, 2004) Though leadership style is based on leadership skills and leadership traits, leadership behaviors is the important component. This is said to be the third approach to leadership studies, a consistent pattern of behavior is what characterizes a leader. â€Å"In shifting the study of leadership to leaders’ s tyle or behaviors, the style approach expanded the study of leadership to various contexts† (North house, 2004). According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) style approach or theories attempt to identify and arrange the general approaches leaders use to achieve goals. These approaches are thought to be based or a leader’s assumption about what motivates people to accomplish goals. This theory attempts to identify a range of general approaches leaders use to influence goal achievement. These approaches are theorized to be based on the leader’s assumption about what motivates people to accomplish goals. Particular approaches also reflect complex relationships among the personal characteristics of the leader. Top among the style theories is the autocratic-to-democratic continuum first proposed by Ralph while and Ronald Lippitt (1960). Autocratic style of leader is a leader who makes decisions with little influence from others Shockley- Zalabak (2009). The leader that exhibits this behavior makes the decisions, gives orders to employees, and is constantly supervising his subordinate. This leader tells others what to do and usually enforces sanctions against those who chose not to comply. He views his followers as essential for goal achievement but usually feels little responsibility for employee needs and relationship Shockley- zalabak (2009). Criticism Research suggests that autocratically led groups produce more in quantity than democratically led groups, but that the quality output is better when more democracy is practiced. Generally with autocratic styles the led are not happy so they just do as they are told not because they have the interest of the institution at heart or because they enjoy working. Democratic- Shockley-Zalabak (2009) states that this style of leaders is the one that involves followers in decision making. The leader that exhibits this behavior promotes shared decision, team work, and does not supervise his subordinates closely. He assumes followers are able to participate in decision making, they try to create a climate in which problem solving can take place while preserving interpersonal relationships. It is clear that these leadership styles are opposite’s end of a continuum. As such, it’s easy to think that a leader’s leadership style s follows between those ends. Criticism When a leader is democratic at times his other colleagues in leadership positions can look at him as a weakling and also the subordinates might take advantage and wants to be disrespectful. Laissez-faire style- Here the leader behaves as non-leader. Individuals and groups are expected to make their own decisions because of a hand-off approach from the leader. The laissez-faire leader is an example of non-leader. This leader expects groups and individuals to make their own decision. He gives information only when ask by group members. Criticism The success of the group depends greatly on the abilities of the group and groups members willingness to work with little or no leadership. If the groups members consist of people that need a push to do things they won’t be able to achieve much. Impoverished management- According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) this style is characterized by low concern for interpersonal relationships and task accomplishment. This leader makes few attempts to influence people towards task or goals. He dislikes leadership responsibilities and lets others take the responsibility that rightfully belongs to the leader. This leader is usually uncomfortable with leadership and intellectually resists the need for it. Criticism These leaders may be primarily responsible for the failure of the group. Middle- of- the- road management- This is a style of leader who balances task and peoples’ concerns; commonly referred to as compromised leadership or management. The leader negotiates and compromises to achieve workable agreements and directions for action Country club management- This is a style of leaders who emphasizes interpersonal relationship at the expense of goal achievement the leader here wants to be liked and have group followers who feel supported by the leader. He provides an interpersonal relationship bond that is low on task emphasis and high in interpersonal support Criticism He may want a task accomplished but will not take steps to emphasize this element to others, if members are not highly task oriented; he ends up doing their work. Rather than insisting that the employees exhibit high standards of performance. These leaders may not develop the abilities of the people under them. Team leadership: This is the theoretical ideal: team leaders exhibit high concern for both task and interpersonal relationships by emphasizing goal accomplishment while supporting people, it fosters a sense of â€Å"we† with high performance standards. This leadership share decision making and strives for problem solving designed to solve rather than postpone problem, it respects different point of view and value diversity as long as it contributes to the group effort. Criticism Team members who support one another but do not have enough ability or information to work on problems will not be able to produce a high-quality decision.

Cheating Behavior and Students Morality

Cheating Behavior and Students Morality Cheating is a widespread, increasing in its prevalence, and perhaps the most unpleasant aspects of teaching and learning. The result of the study in higher education suggests that cheating only occurs if there is an opportunity to cheat and it is possible for teachers to eliminate cheating without creating a scandal. Hashtag: #YgsKopyaSkandal? (YGS Cheating Scandal) Cheating Behavior and Students’ Morality Kohlberg’s model of moral reasoning suggests that motivation for learning change from childhood to adulthood thus those with higher levels of moral reason cheat less. However, study shows that students level of moral reasoning were not associated with cheating. In fact, students with low-level moral reasoning tend to obey school authority thus normally do not cheat while older students with higher levels of moral reasoning often rationalize cheating as situational demands. LEARNING MORAL VALUES IN COLLEGE MOVIES Results of studies on cheating behavior suggest that external factors have a greater influence on older students cheating behavior than internal factors or perception of right and wrong. Moreover, although many college students do perceive cheating as wrong, most of them believed that such act is a normal  part of life and plainly accept cheating a part of their college experience. However, close monitoring tends to thwart cheating in older students with more mature reasoning. Similarly, smaller class size appears to discourage cheating while students with clear knowledge of what constitute cheating usually are not involved in such immoral act. For instance, study shows that students who willingly provided test answers to peers are mostly unaware that it was cheating. Environmental factors such as teacher intervention can greatly reduce the occurrence of cheating and avoid dramatic cheating scandal similar to #YgsKopyaSkandal? For instance, large universities tend to respond to student cheating by instigating scandalous actions rather than protecting the interest of parents and students and preserving academic integrity through prevention and classroom reforms. For instance, directly teaching students of what constitutes cheating and greater emphasis on mastery of tasks rather than grades are beneficial classroom reforms. Preserving Academic Integrity without a  Scandal Cheating is a widespread, increasing in its prevalence, and perhaps the most unpleasant aspects of teaching and learning. The result of the study in higher education suggests that cheating only occurs if there is an opportunity to cheat and it is possible for teachers to eliminate cheating without creating a scandal. The literature has demonstrated that majority of students perceived cheating as an acceptable behavior and youths of all ages are likely to engage in some form of cheating. Cheating is an academic crime but there can be serious legal consequences if a teacher falsely accuses a student of cheating. The most effective approach a teacher can adopt therefore is to prevent cheating by establishing cheating policies and strictly enforcing them. Primarily, a teacher on the first day of class has the opportunity to state his or her position about cheating clearly and why school considers such act as a crime. It is also helpful to explain its consequence using relevant situations such as the fact that since many of them will be competing with other people for jobs in the near future, a person who cheats and gets  illicit high grades from it is literally cheating everyone out of a job. Teaching styles that promote cheating such as grading on a curve and covering too much material on a single examination should be avoided. The reason is that students often cheat when the stakes are high and consequences are low. Moreover, research shows that likelihood of cheating is strongly linked to the quality of teacher-student relationship and students’ level of respect for the teacher.

Books for Boys Recommended by Librarians

Books for Boys Recommended by Librarians If you are looking for books for boys, from young children to tweens and teens, youll be interested in these reading lists recommended by librarians. The books on these reading lists include childrens books and young adult (YA) books that will appeal to a wide range of ages and interests. Even boys who complain they can never find anything good to read and, as a result, are reluctant readers, should be able to find books they enjoy on some of these lists. 8 Reading Lists For Boys Young Adult Books with Guy AppealTeen librarian Jennifer Kendall recommends 10 books that have proven to be very popular with teen boys. Science fiction, fantasy, action, and adventure continue to be genres that teen boys particularly like.Great Books for BoysThis article and list of books recommended for boys come  from The National Childrens Book and Literacy Alliance. It includes a list of books recommended by The Horn Book in these categories: Picture Books, Middle-Grade Fiction, Young Adult Fiction, Non-fiction Middle School/High School and Poetry.Adventures in History for BoysThis brief reading list from the Central Rappahannock Regional Library in Virginia includes cover art and a brief summary for under a dozen books of historical fiction recommended for older boys.Especially for BoysThis annotated reading list of recommended books for boys is from the St. Charles Public Library in Illinois. It includes cover art and a brief summary of 160 books recommended for boys, from p reschool age through eighth grade. To narrow your search, you can search by grade range, which is very helpful. Recommended books include Richard Pecks A Season of Gifts and several by Sharon Creech. Good Books for GuysThe Multnomah County Library in Oregon provides five reading lists, divided by grade levels: Small Fries: Pre-K, Young Guys: 1-3, Middle Guys: 4-6, Large Fries: 7-8, Older Guys: 9-12. While not annotated, the lists include cover art. Among the series recommended for boys in grades 4-6 are Percy Jackson and the Olympians.Chapter Books for BoysThis annotated reading list from the Salt Lake City Public Library in Utah includes three dozen books. The list includes Dear Mr. Henshaw by Beverly Cleary and My Side of the Mountain by Jean Craighead George.Picture Books for BoysThe annotated reading list of 20 picture books includes  Where the Wild Things Are  by  Maurice Sendak. This is an annotated list from the Salt Lake City Public Library in Utah. Click on â€Å"check availability† to see the cover art. For General Information on Encouraging Reading Because the article covers a wide age range, all of the tips may not apply to your child. But some of the best tips include making sure your children see you reading on a regular basis, fully utilizing your public library, taking the time to help your child find books that match his interests and reading level and sharing books by reading them aloud and discussing them with your children.

Improving our Enlisted Evaluation Process Essay

Improving our Enlisted Evaluation Process - Essay Example The participants were all employees of Edryn, with no biases or references towards race, gender, or nationality, and were directly surveyed so that no proxies were used. Observations were made from the primary research method only. The survey encompassed a total of fifty descriptive questions explicative of the participants' view on coworkers as a whole, citing relevance towards: 'Teamwork;' 'Measurement;' 'Training;' 'Customer satisfaction;' 'Continuous improvement.' The answer parameters were scaled from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating 'Do not agree at all,' and 5 indicating 'Strongly agree.' The definitive for Teamwork was questions 1-10 on the survey. Teamwork as it correlates to the facility can be holistically described by these parameters, abstracted in order from the survey questions: a developed sense of belonging; harmonious; commitment to team goals; pride; freedom of information; helping one another; knowledge based; total involvement. Teamwork as it correlates to the facility can be holistically described by these parameters, abstracted in order from the survey questions: a developed sense of belonging; harmonious; commitment to team goals; pride; freedom of information; helping one another; knowledge based; total involvement. Teamwork as it correlates to the facility can be holistically described by these parameters, abstracted in order from the survey questions: a developed sense of belonging; harmonious; commitment to team goals; pride; freedom of information; helping one another; knowledge based; total involvement. In regards to measurement, the participants gauging of the establishment were approached with these abstracted concerns, voiced in a positive approach towards both internal and external suppliers: performance standards; systems of measurement; internal performance standards; tracking improvements; awareness of cost and work; quality of product and service; quality of process; potential of improvement; reliance on data for improvement. The answer parameters were scaled from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating 'Do not agree at all,' and 5 indicating 'Strongly agree.' Organizational Improvement Data Analysis Table 1 shows the dispersed quantitative responses of all participants. Table 2: Data Analysis shows the average, median, mode, standard deviation and variance between all test dimensions. The average measures the mean; this is used to describe the intermediate values across the boards. The median defines the midpoint in the series of responses, and the mode is used to note the most commonly occurring value. Standard deviation measures the spread of the test scores; this is used to define the difference average difference in the data set, and is the square root of the variance. Variance measures the dispersion of the test scores as the average squared deviations from the mean. The data analysis uses a 0.05 significance level to gauge the probability of rejection with the sample size and standard deviation to signify the confidence intervals for east dimension. Table 2: Data

Nursing Care Plans in the Textile Industry Assignment

Nursing Care Plans in the Textile Industry - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that general body malaise and dizziness are the major presentations of inadequate oxygen supply. Since this is a factory interested in high output, precautionary measures should be taken to protect the employees. The reasons presented in the study  justify why respiratory problems should be the first priority. The program will target the secondary level of disease prevention. The primary level would require sophisticated technology to prevent the generation of the tiny textile particles and also eliminate the ones already produced. Such technologies are very expensive hence unattainable to install with the limited resources. The initial purchase and installation aside, technicians who operate the technology will have to be employed. This will make the labor costs skyrocket to unimaginable levels. An approach that would protect the workers from respiratory problems at an affordable cost would be preferable. The perfect approach that can be e mployed is the cellulose nose filter. The filters are cheap and easy to use since only a demonstration is required to ensure maximum protection from the devices hence the decision to approach it. The factory can purchase them in large scale, which will further reduce the costs incurred. Although the filters seem to be very simple, they can help prevent most of the respiratory problems. This program may not be the perfect one, but it will save the company a lot of time lost due to sick leaves. Furthermore, the implementation of the program will be a lower financial burden to the company. This is because the large-scale purchase of the filters is required. The program also has tremendous benefits to the employees in terms of their health and general quality of life. For one their respiratory systems will be protected from the tiny textile particles, therefore reducing their probability of contracting chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.  

Foundation by Isaac Asimov Essay Example for Free

Foundation by Isaac Asimov Essay Foundation is the first novel in Isaac Asimovs Foundation Trilogy (later expanded into The Foundation Series). Foundation is a collection of five short stories, which were first published together as a book by Gnome Press in 1951 which, together, form a single plot. Foundation saw multiple publications—it also appeared in 1955 as part of Ace Double D-110 under the title The 1,000-Year Plan. Four of the stories were originally published inAstounding Magazine (with different titles) between 1942 and 1944, and the fifth was added when they first appeared in book form. A further two books of short stories were published shortly after, and decades later, Asimov wrote two further sequel novels and two prequels. Later writers have added authorized tales to the series. The Foundation Series is often regarded as one of Isaac Asimovs best works, along with his Robot series. Plot summary Foundation tells the story of a group of scientists who seek to preserve knowledge as the civilizations around them begin to regress. The Psychohistorians (0 F.E.) (First published as the book edition in 1951) Set in the year 0 F.E., The Psychohistorians opens on Trantor, the capital of the 12,000-year-old Galactic Empire. Though the empire appears stable and powerful, it is slowly decaying in ways that parallel the decline of the Western Roman Empire. Hari Seldon, a mathematician and psychologist, has developed psychohistory, a new field of science and psychology that equates all possibilities in large societies to mathematics, allowing for the prediction of future events. Using psychohistory, Seldon has discovered the declining nature of the Empire, angering the aristocratic members of the Committee of Public Safety, the de facto rulers of the Empire. The Committee considers Seldons views and statements treasonous, and he is arrested along with young mathematician Gaal Dornick, who has arrived on Trantor to meet Seldon. Seldon is tried by the Committee and defends his beliefs, explaining his theories and predictions, including his belief that the Empire will collapse in 500 years and enter a 30,000-year dark age, to the Committees members. He informs the Committee that an alternative to this future is attainable, and explains to them that creating a compendium of all human knowledge, the Encyclopedia Galactica, would not avert the inevitable fall of the Empire but would reduce the dark age to one millennium. The skeptical Committee, not wanting to make Seldon a martyr, offers him exile to a remote world, Terminus, with others who could help him create the Encyclopedia. He accepts their offer, prepares for the departure of the Encyclopedists and receives an imperial decree officially acknowledging his actions. The Encyclopedists (50 F.E.) (published May 1942 as Foundation) Set in 50 F.E., The Encyclopedists begins on Terminus, which has no mineral resources but one region suitable for the development of large city, named Terminus City. The colony of professionals, devoted to the creation of the Encyclopedia, is managed by the Board of Trustees of the Encyclopedia Galactica Foundation, composed solely of scientists. The affairs of Terminus City itself are handled by the citys mayor, Salvor Hardin, who is virtually powerless due to the influence of the Board of Trustees. However, Hardin does not accept the status quo, which he believes puts Terminus in danger of political exploitation by the neighboring prefects of the Empire, which have declared independence and severed contact with Trantor. Hardin, recognizing the imminent downfall of imperial power due to the loss of the Empires outermost region, decides that the only way to ensure Terminuss continued survival is to pit the four neighboring kingdoms against one another. Hardin manages to avoid an attempt by the Kingdom of Anacreon to establish military bases on Terminus and to take advantage of nuclear power, which Terminus retains but which the Four Kingdoms do not. Hardin succeeds in diverting Anacreon from its initial goal and furthers his goal of the establishment of a stable political system on Terminus. Hardins efforts, however, are still resisted by the Board of Trustees and its chairman, Dr. Louis Pirenne. To remove this obstacle, Hardin and his chief advisor, Yohan Lee, plan a coup detat designed to remove the Board of Trustees from its politically powerful position on the same day that, in the citys Time Vault, a holographic recording of Hari Seldon is programmed to play. The recording will contain psychohistoric proof of Hardins success or failure; Hardin realizes that his coup is a great gamble due to the possible case that his beliefs are incompatible with Seldons original goals. The next day in the Time Vault the holographic video of Hari Seldon appears. He is in his wheelchair and his voice is old and soft. He reveals that the Encyclopedia Galactica is a distraction intended to make the colonys creation possible. The true purpose of the Foundation is to form one nucleus of a Second Galactic Empire and shorten the predicted period of chaos to a mere thousand years, rather than thirty thousand years. After the video ends, the Board of Trustees admits they were wrong to Hardin and schedule a meeting to discuss their next action. Hardin smiles, knowing they would be giving orders no longer. Out there in Terminus City Yohan Lees men were already in control. In two days time Anacreon would be landing in force, but that was fine, in six months they would be giving orders no longer as well. Salvor Hardin had guessed the solution, and as Hari Seldon said, it was obvious. The Mayors (80 F.E.) (published June 1942 as Bridle and Saddle) Set in 80 F.E., three decades after the events of The Encyclopedists, The Mayors is set in a time where the Encyclopedia Foundations scientific understanding has given it significant leverage over the Four Kingdoms, though it is still isolated from the Galactic Empire. Exercising its control over the region through an artificial religion, Scientism, the Foundation shares its technology with the Four Kingdoms while referring to it as religious truth. Maintenance technicians comprise Scientisms priesthood, trained on Terminus. A majority of the priests themselves are unaware of the true importance of their religion, referring to advanced technology as holy food. The religion is not suppressed by the secular elite of the Four Kingdoms, reminscient of Western European rulers of the early medieval period, who use it to consolidate their power over the zealous populaces. Salvor Hardin, as Mayor of Terminus City, is the effective ruler of the Foundation, and has been reelected as mayor cont inuously since his political victory over the Encyclopedia Galactica Board of Trustees. However, his influence is suddenly checked by a new political movement led by city councillor Sef Sermak, which encourages direct action against the Four Kingdoms and a cessation of the scientific proselytizing encouraged by Hardins administration. The movement, whose followers refer to themselves as Actionists, is wildly popular, and Hardin is unable to appease Sermak and the Actionist leadership. The kingdom that is most concerning to the Actionists is that of Anacreon, ruled by Prince Regent Wienis and his nephew, the teenaged King Lepold I. Wienis plans to overthrow the Foundations power by launching a direct military assault against Terminus, making use of an abandoned Imperial space cruiser redesigned by Foundation experts to fit the needs of the elite Anacreonian navy. However, Hardin orders several secret technological devices to be incorporated into the ships design prior to its completion. Wienis plans to launch his offensive on the night of his nephews coronation as king and sole ruler of Anacreon. Hardin attends the coronation ceremony and is arrested, but has arranged with Anacreonian High Priest Poly Verisof, who is aware of the true nature of Scientism, to foster a popular uprising against Wienis. Convincing the Anacreonian populace that an assault against the Foundation and Terminus is blasphemous, Verisof leads an infuriated mob to the royal palace and surrounds it, demanding Hardins release. Meanwhile, the crew of the space cruiser mutinies against its commander, Admiral Prince Lefkin, Wieniss son. Lefkin confronts the mutineers and, captured, is forced to broadcast a message to Anacreon demanding Wieniss arrest and threatening a bombardment of the royal palace if that and other demands are not met. Wienis, maddened by his failure, orders Hardins execution, but his royal guardsmen refuse to obey him. Attempting and failing, due to a protective energy field, to kill Hardin personally, Wienis commits suicide. Hardin is proven correct again upon his return to Terminus City by another Seldon recording, set to play at this date. Though Actionists continue to hold a significant amount of power, an attempt to impeach the mayor fails and his popularity is renewed among the citys residents. It is also confirmed by Hari Seldon that the Foundations immediate neighbors, the Four Kingdoms, will now be virtually powerless and incapable of resisting Scientisms advance. The Traders (About 135 F.E.) (published October 1944 as The Wedge) The events of The Traders are set around 135 F.E., at a time during which the Foundation has expanded greatly and has sent out officially sanctioned Traders to exchange technology with neighboring planets for what amounts to greater political and economic power. Master Trader Eskel Gorov, also an agent of the Foundation government, has traveled to the worlds of Askone, where he hopes to trade nucleics. Gorov, however, is met with resistance by Askones governing Elders due to traditional taboos that effectively ban advanced technology. Gorov is imprisoned and sentenced to death; the Elders refuse Foundation requests for clemency. Trader Linmar Ponyets is ordered by the Foundation to try and negotiate with the Elders, and travels to the central Askonian planet. Ponyets meets with the Elders Grand Master and deduces that, though he is determined to have Gorov executed, he may be willing to exchange the captive for a suitable bribe, which Ponyets realizes would be a sum of gold. Ponyets clumsily fashions a transmuter that will convert iron into gold. The Grand Master informs Ponyets that others who have attempted this have failed and have been punished with execution for both their attempt and for their failure; Ponyets succeeds and convinces the Grand Master that the gold is appropriate for Askonian religious decoration, which pleases the Elders. Councilor Pherl, the Grand Masters protà ©gà ©, appears to be wary of Ponyets. Meeting with the Councilor, Ponyets discovers that Pherl is instead quite willing to work with him, if only due to the chances of eventually attaining the Grand Mastership himself. Pherl, from a different ethnic background than traditional Grand Masters and a young man, believes that a stable supply of gold will be able to dramatically increase his power, and Ponyets provides him with the transmuter. It appears that the friendly Pherl will ascend to the Grand Mastership, while Gorov is released quickly. Ponyets discusses his success with Gorov, who criticizes his techniques due to what he perceives as Ponyetss lack of morality. Ponyets replies by reminding Gorov of an alleged statement made by Salvor Hardin: Never let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right! The Merchant Princes (About 155 F.E.) (published August 1944 as The Big and the Little) Set around 155 F.E., The Merchant Princes takes places against the backdrop of a powerful Foundation, which has subjugated the neighboring Four Kingdoms and expanded its commercial and technological empire throughout numerous stellar systems. However, it continues to meet resistance, and three Foundation vessels have vanished near the planets of the Republic of Korell, a nation suspected of independent technological development. Master Trader Hober Mallow is assigned to deal with Korell and also to investigate their technological developments and find the missing ships. Those who have assigned this mission to Mallow, Foreign Secretary Publius Manlio and the Mayors secretary, Jorane Sutt, believe that a Seldon Crisis is underway; they fear that domestic tensions caused by the great autonomy given to Traders and shaky foreign relations may give rise to a nuclear conflict involving the Foundation. Sutt and Manlio, believ ing that they can weaken the Traders by staging an embarrassing diplomatic incident, plant an agent aboard Mallows ship. The agent, a respected Trader, invites a Foundation missionary onto the ship once it reaches Korell. Such missionaries are forbidden to enter Korell, and an angry mob immediately surrounds the ship, demanding the missionary. This rapid response in a remote location arouses Mallows suspicions, and Mallow gives the missionary to the mob, despite the frantic intervention of the agent. Later, Mallow meets with Korells authoritarian ruler, Commdor Asper Argo, who appears friendly and welcomes Foundation technological gifts. Argo refuses to allow Scientism on Korell, and Mallow agrees not to encourage missionary work in the Republic. Mallow is invited to tour a steel foundry belonging to Korells government, where he notes guards carrying atomic handguns. He is surprised to discover that these weapons bear the markings of the Galactic Empire, which the Foundation assumes has fallen by this time. Mallows discoveries lead him to believe that the Empire may be attempting to expand into the Periphery again, and has been providing weapons to client states such as Korell. Leaving the Republic and his ship, he journeys alone to the planet Siwenna, which he believes may be the capital of an Imperial province. He finds Siwenna a desolate and sad place, and meets the impoverished patrician Onum Barr in the latters isolated mansion, which is slowly crumbling. Barr, a former provincial senator and a leading citizen, had served in the Imperial government on Siwenna during a fairly stable time several decades earlier, before a series of corrupt and ambitious viceroys who each harbored dreams of becoming Emperor. After the previous viceroy rebelled against the Emperor, Barr participated in a revolution that overthrew the viceroy. However, the Imperial fleet also sent to remove the viceroy wanted to conquer a rebellious province even if it was no longer in rebellion, and began a massacre that claimed the lives of all but one of Barrs children. Mallow is tried for murder upon his return to Terminus, due to turning over the Foundation missionary to the mob. However, he is able to convince the court that the missionary was in fact a Korellian secret policeman who played a part in the conspiracy against the Traders manufactured by Sutt and Manlio. Acquitted, Mallow is received with delight by the population of Terminus, which will almost undoubtedly select him as Mayor in the elections scheduled to take place in the following year. To prepare for the election, Mallow engineers the arrest of Sutt and Manlio, and eventually takes office. However, he is soon faced with tensions between the Foundation and Korell, which declares war on the Foundation, using its powerful Imperial flotilla to attack Foundation ships. Instead of counterattacking, Mallow takes no action, waiting until the lack of Foundation goods forces Korell to surrender.

Should the United States Make English the Official language? Essay exam

According to the 2011 census, over 20.8 percent of the United States population spoke another language other than English (www.us-english.org). Language barriers, cultural differences, and immigration have been a part of life in the United States for decades. Language is considered a vital tool in the construction of someone’s identity and an expression of culture. In the last 200 years immigrants have chosen to make the United States their home, but some proceeded with caution by slowly adapting to the English language and culture. If a country doesn’t have an official language is usually due to distinct historical or cultural reasons. As I began reading articles on this topic, I was amazed that the great country I live in doesn’t have an official language. I begin to wonder why this is the case. Many countries have an official language in which all the official business, daily activities and other formal activities are conducted. There are even thirty (30) states that have succeeded through their own statutes to declare English as an official language of their particular state (www.us-english.org). It seems that this topic has been a heated debate for the past couple of decades, which has caused some division over the issue. I learned that there are a variety of pros and cons that you can argue about this issue. I chose to be a part of the pro English side for three reasons: I believe that making English our official language (1) would allow the education system to focus on English as the primary language, (2) it would unite our country in regards to racial discrimination, and (3) our government and business operations would be a little more streamlined. The United States is often called the melting pot because of th... ... immersed society through our businesses, education systems, and government sectors. I definitely support Congress in their attempts to continue fighting this battle to make English the national language. Works Cited Baron, Dennis. â€Å"Don’t Make English Official.† Pbs.org. 1996. Web. 11 October 2014 Crawford, James. â€Å"A nation divided by one language.† Guardian.co.uk. 8 Mar 2001. Web. 11 October 2014 Inhofe, James M. and Cecilia Munoz. "Should English be declared America’s national language? A nation of immigrants considers the pros and cons of giving English official status." New York Times Upfront 23 Oct. 2006: 3. Bnet. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. â€Å"Habla Espanol? Does Spanish Threaten American English?† Pbs.org. Web. 11 October 2014. â€Å"Official English.† US English, Inc. 2010. Web. 6 December 2014. â€Å"US Summary.† Census.gov. 2000. Web. 6 December 2014

Drunk Tank Pink Response

The environment consists ot a combination ot physical and psychological components that continually influence one another. Albert Mehrabian (1976) claims that people react emotionally to their surroundings. He says that emotional reactions can be accounted for in terms of how aroused, pleasurable, and dominant people are made to feel. How we feel about a place affects how we behave in that place. O'Donnell ; Kable (1982) describe three things that affect this relationship (feelings/ ehavior). 1) The â€Å"perceived† environment is not necessarily the â€Å"real† environment (social context affects our interpretation of physical setting: church/disco); (2) Physical environment reflects the principles of a social and cultural system (symbols of ideology); (3) We have a basic need to feel psychological as well as physical comfort in our environment. Grocery Store Topics Appeal to target audience Keep kids' products within their reach Create visual interest w/ patterns or c olors.Quick, to-go items up front Spacious and open Comfortable atmosphere with music and chairs Use natural lighting, highlight, and spotlights Keep up with season d ©cor. Aware of spacing Provide other services†community center Cleanliness and fresh smell Abundance Buy things as combo Keep customers in store as long as possible Try to keep your consumers' eyes off the ceiling and off the floor†want to keep them looking at the products. yellow and red Make it easy to buy things.

Nonprofit versus For-Profit Healthcare and Organizations Essay

Abstract This paper explores articles and research conducted on nonprofit versus For-Profit Healthcare and Organizations. There are three types of entities that own hospitals, which are: nonprofit, for-profit, and government. However, it can’t be determined if they specialize in different medical services or how their service profits affect certain specializations. More than likely, the for-profits offer profitable medical services that benefit the organization, which would lead to believe that the nonprofits are in the middle, leaving the government with offering the unprofitable services. The for-profits are also quite responsive to the changes associated with service profitability than the nonprofit or government entities. Therefore, it would be necessary to evaluate the value of nonprofit hospital ownership and differentiate between the service offerings amongst the hospital types. Looking into the ways that for-profit hospitals make profits, it would be necessary to take into consideration the geographical location versus the well insured citizens that are located within the area. This paper also looks into the assumption that all general hospitals are relatively alike in the services provided, regardless of ownership†¦. but also that these entities would vary in their patient mixture. In my research, this paper is for the recognition of profit making and to introduce the idea that for-profit healthcare and organizations are more opt to decide on which medical services to offer based on the service profitability. In our country nonprofit hospitals account for a major portion of the urban areas, while the remainder being for-profit or governmental ownership operating under different legal rules. When we evaluate the interests associated within the healthcare industry, we must take into consideration the value it has on today’s society and economy. This issue has been heavily debated in that there have been raising questions as to the fact of the similarities between non-profit organizations and for-profit organizations. In analyzing these issues, it must also show relevance as to the accountability of the evidence and material that supports the policies regarding ownership. From our standpoint here in the United States, hospitals take the foremost credit as being the largest healthcare organization in the country. When we look into classification however, it can be noted that private hospitals have the ability to be classed as for-profit or non-profit organizations due to independent regulatory rules that separate the two. From a non-profit standpoint, these type organizations are not required to pay sales, income, or property tax. And to further introduce the non-profit organizations, it is within reason to understand that they were established with the intention of providing specific social services to meet the needs of poor citizens. For this reason, is why not-for-profit healthcare and those hospitals and organizations that are associated within its boundaries†¦ are exempt from paying taxes. This is a major factor as to how and why these type organizations operate. When realizing the importance of non-profit healthcare and organizations, it is fair to say†¦ that although they are deemed to be prestigious organizations, they are often not regarded as such. For-profit, nonprofit, and governmental organizations operate under different legal rules. These rules would explain how profits are shared and distributed to shareholders in for-profit organizations, and how government and nonprofit hospitals are tax exempt. Although these rules impact operations, they provide the basis as to the similarity in healthcare services rendered†¦ contracting with the same insurers and government payers†¦ operating under the same healthcare regulations†¦ and employ with similar if not the same training and ethical obligations. Just because an organization may be for-profit, does not mean that they traditionally provide lower quality services and higher costs. However, in some cases where this is a factor, it causes a change in operations in that it creates a negative effect on the availability of healthcare. Nonprofit organizations such as hospitals, often switch to for-profit due to the issues related with their financial instability to operate in that status and remain open. This change allows them to improve their financial standings, reduce Medicare costs, and generate higher revenues. It also allows the investors and shareholders to have a bigger impact on operations and funding. Due to the rising high costs associated with healthcare, the United States has had an increase in the amount of nonprofit healthcare organizations converting over to for-profit. Since those changes have been made, it has allowed more facilities to remain open, continue offering healthcare to citizens, and functioning to service communities. This also shows face as to why and how nonprofit healthcare organizations offset costs by charging more to their patients that have the ability to pay for services. On the other hand, for-profit healthcare organizations exploit these means as a profitable turnkey business necessity. However in this case, it makes the profits visible which in turn keep costs down for all patients, and not differentiate between social status. In conclusion, when evaluating avenues for improvement of the financial and operational performance of nonprofit healthcare organizations, it is impertinent that these organizations monitor the contributions required to be made in order to operate under the tax exempt status. When this does not occur, is when fines, closures, and investigations take place ultimately contributing to additional costs and substandard performance. Just as well when evaluating avenues for improvement of the financial and operational performance of for-profit healthcare organizations, it is impertinent that the options provided to citizens covered by healthcare plans, are up to standards. In doing so, they are provided the best care at reasonable costs due to donations, stockholders, and board members that have a particular interest in the care of the citizens which reflects on the success of the organization and the level of care given. References Anika Clark (2012). Nonprofit vs. for-profit health care: Debate hits home. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120503/NEWS/205030347. [Last Accessed Nov. 20, 2012]. Steven Hill (2011). Non-Profit vs. For-Profit health care: How to Win the Looming Battle Over Cost Control.

Top 8 Most Underpaid Jobs That Deserve Much Higher Pay

Top 8 Most Underpaid Jobs That Deserve Much Higher Pay We all feel overworked and underpaid, as a rule. But  it’s no surprise that some of the  most valued and hard-working professionals you might know (or might be yourself!) don’t receive the pay that matches the sacrifices they make. Here are 8 of the most underpaid jobs in our society, all of which deserve to be paid much, much better. 1.  Public school teacherThis almost doesn’t require an explanation. Teachers make a median income of around $55k, but given the hours they put in and the importance of the work they do, this doesn’t seem nearly enough. If children are indeed our future, perhaps we should be investing more in the people who get them where they need to be?2. Registered nurseSure, nurses typically make around $60k per year, and that seems pretty high compared to a lot of jobs in our current economy. But then you have to factor in how many more hours and responsibilities that have been piled upon them. And they’re increasingly requi red to do more work formerly assigned to doctors because of their higher levels of education.3. Farm workerWe pay the people who are responsible for feeding us very very poorly. These are the worst of conditions, the hardest, most back-breaking physical labor, and less than $20k per year (if they’re lucky) for long hours and having to move all over the place to follow the harvest schedules. Some undocumented workers also face harassment and unfairly curtailed wages as well.4. Child care professionalChild care workers don’t make that much more than farm workers, but their work is also very intense. Imagine all those kids, all that energy, all that responsibility, plus their hyper-vigilant and often overbearing parents. The amount of impact these folks can have on kids in their most crucial stages of development is huge. Shouldn’t they at least make a living wage?5. ParamedicEmts deal with people in the worst of circumstances, and are usually responsible for wheth er or not they make it through. They’re constantly throwing themselves between us and danger (or death) and should really make more than their median salary of roughly $31k per year.6. Home health aideAgain, home health aides make only marginally more than farm workers. And they are the ones who make sure that our elderly loved ones get the care they need in the years they need it most- often at their frailest and most scared. If we value our loved ones, shouldn’t we value those who care for them so expertly?7. Social workerSocial workers are the people on the front lines who protect those in our society who need protecting most. Even if you’ve never had cause to run into one in your life and work, it’s clear that they perform a crucial function in making our world a safer place for all our citizens. They should make as much as CEOs, but they barely clear $45k per year.8. Food service workerIn this economy, the demand for inexpensive and convenient food i s extremely high and sometimes jobs in food service are the easiest to procure when times are hard. But the minimum wage, adjusted for inflation, hasn’t improved since 1968. Given the conditions food services workers suffer through each day to feed us, don’t you think they deserve to make enough to feed their own families?

The term high concept

The term high concept The term high concept The term high concept By Maeve Maddox This is a term much heard in connection with movies, but literary agents also use it: I love high-concept books. A lot of the books I read and represent are high concept and get a lot of film interest. I define high concept as a premise that can be boiled down into one sentence and sets it apart from other stories by its unique hook or angle. Paige Wheeler, literary agent One OED definition is high concept: adj. Of a film, television show, etc.: based on a striking and easily communicable plot or idea; (also) relating to or characteristic of such productions. Sometimes high concept is used in a derogatory sense to refer to a dumbed-down story that will appeal to a mass audience: 2003 Independent 30 Apr. I. 3/1 The so-called ‘high concept’ pitch has long been considered a byword for crass commercialism in the film world, a symptom of studio executives reluctance to focus on anything for more than a minute. OED illustration According to screenwriter Steve Kaire, its the premise that makes a story idea high concept. The premise or logline is the core of High Concept. My comprehensive definition of High Concept is comprised of five requirements, each of which is mandatory. Kaires five requirements are: an original premise mass audience appeal story-specific pitch easy-to-see story potential a pitch no longer than three sentences Alexis Niki at AbsoluteWrite adds the requirement of an empathetic hero who is dealing with a BIG problem. James Bonnet at scriptforsale thinks that a high concept story should have a great title. Certainly the following movie blockbusters have titles that suggest the theme of their stories: Armageddon Titanic Jaws Star Wars Twister Jurassic Park Perhaps the most important ingredient in a high concept work is the same one that every good story requires: a main character with whom the reader or viewer can identify. The chief difference between a high concept story and a regular story is that the main characters success or failure will have huge consequences for others. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Acronym vs. InitialismAppropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt